Personalised Induction Will Always Be More Effective

Michaela Lawes SOUTH1A 11 Jacqui Godfrey Hypnotherapy & Counseling Skills †Module 21850 words â€Å"A customized acceptance will consistently be more effective†. Talk about. Base your answer on hypothetical ideas and strategies introduced in class. In the event that the facts confirm that we as a whole observe something very similar however decipher it as various, on the off chance that we react to boosts in an exceptional manner, at that point a customized acceptance would demonstrate progressively compelling. Would an on edge customer react to a phonetically uninvolved methodology? Would a direct and sensibly organized enlistment gain their trust and cause them to feel at ease?The Hypnotherapist will look to comprehend their customer, deciphering both verbal and non-verbal signs. They will likewise need to battle with the manner in which our mind deciphers outer data. Once the individual’s character is comprehended, there are various verbal strategies tha t the Hypnotherapist can use so as to get the best outcomes from the acceptance procedure. Doubtlessly the customized acceptance is successful however this maybe relies upon whether the Hypnotherapist has learned the genuine idea of their client.One territory where the Hypnotherapist can begin to comprehend the kind of individual they are trying to instigate is find out the prevailing methodology inside their customer. Modalities are an arrangement of tangible recognition. These are recorded as visual, sound-related, kinaesthetic, olfactory and gustatory. At the point when an individual is absorbing outer data they will look to spread that data utilizing a prevailing methodology. There are numerous manners by which they will uncover this through language, discourse, signals and even eye movements.NLP masters Bandler and Grinder appropriately call this the language of our psyches. An individual with a predominant visual methodology will in general use expresses that are covered with visual terms, for example, â€Å"I see†¦ † or â€Å"The sky looks turquoise†¦ † If this person’s eyes are looking into the privilege as they are disclosing something to you they are making a visual portrayal in their minds. Robert Dilts in his article Eye Movements and NLP states: ‘The most normal use of eye positions in NLP is to decide the authentic techniques an individual is utilizing so as to might suspect or make a decision.Since numerous parts of individuals' reasoning procedures are oblivious to them, unconstrained eye developments can be a critical piece of evoking and displaying an individual's internal methodologies for dynamic, learning, inspiration, memory, and so forth ’ The eyes perhaps a poetical window to the spirit yet they are likewise a reliable understanding into an individual’s predominant methodology. Utilizing these etymological and visual pieces of information the Hypnotherapist can start to identify with th eir customer on their scholarly level. They can pick up the trust of the customer by engaging their prevailing modality.If the customer had a predominant kinaesthetic methodology they would have an increasingly material and sincerely adjusted character, they would talk in a delicate turn down the volume than the quick talking, higher conditioned visual character. Would there be strife if the trance specialist utilized a snappy reasoning, profoundly inventive visual way to deal with the material and feeling kinaesthetic? Maybe truly, when one is attempting to ‘access’ the mind at an oblivious level, without a doubt it would be progressively profitable to be in concordance with your customer so as to get the best helpful results.Josie Hadley and Carol Staudacher concur ‘By utilizing comparative language and fortifying the enlistment with specific sorts of pictures, you are ensuring the subject can identify with the acceptance and feel a fondness for it’ Whils t utilizing the predominant methodology to increase a liking with the customer, the best outcomes will originate from bit by bit bringing language into an acceptance that will engage the entirety of the faculties. This procedure is called intensifying, and is a pivotal instrument in causing a profound trance.The customer is being welcome to encounter a connected chain of occasions during their acceptance that will urge them to lose themselves in the situations being recommended by engaging the entirety of the faculties. So while the customer may, through their language, both verbal and non verbal, have the olfactory as their fundamental methodology, in the event that they are oppressed by means of the enlistment to picture or envision a taste then this will connect the entirety of their faculties for an increasingly compelling induction.This assumes that trance specialist has at first found out the predominant methodology so as to pick up the trust of their customer and afterward co ntinued to present a multi tangible tirade that restricts the possibility of a completely customized acceptance. It is perceived that there are two sorts of sleep inducing acceptance, to be specific, lenient and tyrant. It is said that customary trance is commonly tyrant. The acceptance is compact and uses direct language and less imaginative symbolism. This is a most loved style of the stage subliminal specialist as it loans itself well to the fast and direct nature of induction.A defender of this method was Dave Elman, whose dictator strategy was utilized by specialists and dental specialists to quiet their patients. It was snappy and forthright. When thinking about the tyrant style as an utilization for today’s entrancing acceptance, it is fit to use with an apprehensive or on edge individual. Maybe the controlled style consoles the apprehensive customer that the advisor is in charge, they realize what they are doing and thusly it will follow that they will be progressivel y disposed to follow the recommendations made by the therapist.Instead of ‘you may begin to feel your eyelids are turning out to be heavy’ the tyrant approach will peruse as ‘your eyelids are heavy’ The coherent and brief nature of the language utilized in this sort of enlistment is likewise a valuable when given a cynic of the science behind trance, the style gets rid of too striking symbolism and shortens the utilization of illustration, permitting a feeling of logicality to the ‘unconvinced’.This direct style additionally loans itself well to enslavement treatment as finding out their methodology can be troublesome because of the character and cerebral harm made by the compulsion, for instance, liquor misuse. The tedious and dictator style of enlistment Karle and Boys propose the negligible demonstration or recommendation of an endeavor to surrender, say, smoking will work whether customized or not as they ‘will react well to any type of treatment, in light of the fact that any custom will play out the capacities they seek’ Again doubtlessly a customized acceptance isn't so significant in this sort of case.The tolerant methodology is considerably more generally utilized in restorative hypnotherapy as it can ‘play’ with semantic illustration and symbolism dependent on the client’s character and prevailing methodology accordingly making a substantially more customized entrancing experience. Michael Caroll in his paper ‘The Structure of Permissive Hypnotherapy’ states: ‘Rapport is a significant part of tolerant hypnotherapy in light of the fact that the trance specialist is going to lead the customer to daze as opposed to simply coordinate the client’s experience.To lead the customer to stupor the trance specialist reflects the customers innovative inclinations through verbal correspondence permitting the trance inducer access to the physiology and state related w ith daze, so when the customer unwittingly follows the hypnotherapist’s lead he/she will get to a daze like state’ The main subliminal specialist in this sort of treatment was Milton H Erickson, he could be supposed to be the designer of the customized mesmerizing experience. Compatibility building supports this sort of approach and this is the thing that Erickson tried to pick up in his sessions.The tolerant style will utilize a roundabout methodology so as to pick up the trust of their customers without showing up excessively dictator. Trancelike proposal is enveloped with analogy and innovative language combined with shifting vocal resonance. It was Erickson’s hypothesis that ‘people must take an interest in their therapy’. The genuine significance of a customized enlistment! His tirade would fuse phonetic strategies so as to increase a compatibility. There are a few instances of this. Utilizing the client’s predominant methodology (which are examined prior in this essay).Convincers which are utilized so as to make the customer think they are in charge of their enlistment when in truth they are as a rule in a roundabout way guided into a daze. A convincer may peruse as this: ‘I can see that your eyes are starting to close and you are relaxed’. ‘Anchoring’ a watchword that will bring a rehashed reaction, for instance, the customer could be approached to feel the late spring sun on their skin all through the enlistment in order to incite sentiments of warmth and satisfaction. This could change as per the prevailing methodology of the customer, regardless of whether visual, kinaesthetic, olfactory, etc. Presuppositons and twofold binds’ are a cunning method of permitting the customer to feel in charge of their fate through opposing semantic signs. A customer looking to surrender a negative behavior pattern might be advised ‘you may wish to surrender x tomorrow, one week from now or next month†¦ when this happens is altogether up to you’. This kind of treatment functions admirably as it permits the customer to partake in their own enlistment. It takes into account the uniqueness of the person with respect to how they are incited which would without a doubt be more effective.It would be too shortsighted to even consider argueing that a customized approach would be completely compelling when contrasted with a nonexclusive acceptance, yet, in the fundamental, it can offer a wide extending approach for the specialist. When all is said in done, we utilize just an extremely modest quantity of verbal correspondence, much is accomplished through non-verbal communication and non verbal signs. In hypnotherapy the trance specialist doesn't have these non verbal apparatuses to turn in an acceptance and hence needs to rel

The British In India Essays - Age Of Sail, British Ceylon

The British in India The British in India At first, when the British endeavored to expect command over India, they were met with the shock of a people wronged. The residents of India recognized the truth about the British, white men with a prevalence complex. Each endeavor the British made to grow regional control was met with excited defiance. The British prevailing with regards to taking over the Indian government, however the individuals of India ensured they didn't have a simple time doing it. When Vasco da Gamma arrived in Calicut in 1498 it was with the sole expectation to set up exchanging inside India. In 1600, Queen Elizabeth 1 contracted the East India Company for the reason of exchanging with India and east Asia. By the 1700's the organization had extended its exchange and political force all through India. Furthermore, it started assortment burdens in certain zones; Indian rulers were not self-satisfied, so the organization utilized power on them. The political takeover that moved through India started in Bengal with the Battle of the Plassey. Inside the following hundred years, the slow immersion of the subcontinent was finished. As force was set up by the British, so did the disdain. Until the British meddled with their lives, the individuals of India were essentially independent. Individuals who were once autonomous were constrained into subjugation. England abused the residents of India by methods for cotton. The Indians raised the cotton and transported it to Britain. In Britain, the previously mentioned cotton was transformed into materials what's more, transported back to India to be sold at an expanded cost. The already independent individuals had to purchase costly garments since they no longer had the opportunity to make their own. Notwithstanding this foul play, after showing up in India the British saw the requirement for indigo ranches. When they recruited local people they constrained them to sign restrictive agreements. They were not permitted to stop, and they paid lease with the indigo sold. As the English imposing business model on cotton proceeded, most of the individuals purchased their garments from Britain; this kept the indigo ranchers from having any sort of item advertise. There was no interest, yet they had to keep providing. Individuals were starving, and it was all Britain's deficiency. The biggest block of Indian culture made by the British was the abolishment of the station framework. By stopping their social structure, (the British) had the option to see all residents as equivalent (slaves). While watching the British takeover of India systematically, the strategy executed was deliberately splendid. India as a settlement was staggeringly fruitful for Britain, they brought in cash, while the assets that were depleted never influenced them. Be that as it may, took a gander at with the American supposition of decency and ethics, the seize of India was genuinely uncouth. In light of that, the 246 years where India was under the political fortification of Britain might be deciphered in an assortment of ways, a significant number of which are supports of Britain's capacity to overwhelm what's more, control while a minority. The other assessment, the moral conclusion, uncovered England as a nation so ravenous for power, they were happy to settle the opportunity of decision for 350 million individuals in return for cash that they truly didn't require.

Essay Topics For 6th Grade

Essay Topics For 6th GradeEssay topics for 6th grade can be rather different from those for grades above. Due to the nature of reading that has changed from reading something that is dictated by a teacher to a reading that is being dictated by students, many teachers do not realize the difference between them.Writing an essay is best taught by an experienced teacher who knows how to use formal writing techniques and how to present the essay effectively. In some cases, students themselves may be able to make the most of their writing.One thing that most students will do in essays for 6th grade is to write it based on the topic of the essay. What most often happens is that the student, rather than thinking about what topic they would like to cover, just reads through a list of topic ideas and then writes the essay around these topics. They may also choose to research specific topics by going online or looking through the library and using research tools that they find there.Students wi ll also choose certain topics that they are interested in or that are interesting. These may include animals, sports, history, literature, music, religion, or any other topic that the student wants to cover. If the topic is something that the student has no interest in, it is not a good idea to write an essay on that topic, as they will not be able to present it well enough.When a child's essays are first being written, they usually start with what they know. While this is an important aspect of learning, it is also one that is very different from when they are doing essays for high school or college. If a student has already learned about a subject, it is best for them to try to find topics that are relevant to it.The topics that students research are also different ways of getting their students to think about topics that they do not know. This can be done by using recent topics as well as old topics. It is best to make sure that the new topics are covered before the old ones.For essay topics for 6th grade, it is best to stick to topics that are already known. If a topic is not already covered, it is best to find a way to cover it. For example, if a student wants to cover children's health, it is best to learn about pediatric health.A student can also look at topics that are easy to write about and then write essays on them. These could include how to spend a day, remembering the season, or any other holiday topic. It is also possible to look at popular books, movies, and television shows as essay topics for 6th grade.

The Minor Catch Here By Charles Darwin - 1848 Words

Simret Simeon HUM 3306 Dr. Rowan â€Å"I see no good reasons why the views given in this volume should shock the religious views of anyone.† Charles Darwin, The Origin of Species. pp 520 The above quote seems a joke but spoken by a man that arose and escalated war of words and theories on the origin of life. Considering that his view directly rejected the religious views of countless people. Darwin claims leans on scientific explanation that can provide proves, hence claims that the idea that God Created species could not be proved. The minor catch here is that the Christian faith explanation of the birth of species is clearly written but requires faith which is defined as believing without seeing. It makes me question if Darwin once held a religious view, because one must have attempted to get understand a concept before one can claim that the concept has truth nor simply a lie. I am sure Darwin has attempted to study it before he decided to reject it and studied creation. One way or another Darwin presented an idea that totally offended some prominent men of his time. It was an absolute dare for the origin of species of origin to be published at that time, no t because it was the first book or first idea of such, but it was publication that shook the widely believed and accepted foundation of the creation of the world and the things in it. Darwin received less audience in the population that felt that their beliefs were challenged. Although Darwin was not theShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Book Cold Mountain 1296 Words   |  6 PagesCharles Frazier’s first novel, Cold Mountain, has earned him a great amount of notoriety. From having a film adaptation of his novel in 2003, to receiving a National Book Award in fiction in 1997. 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Reading Lolita In Tehran And The Handmaids Tale Analysis

Freedom and liberty hold significant values that many individuals struggle to obtain in their lives, as several obstacles block their way from achieving it. In the novels Reading Lolita in Tehran by Azar Nafisi and The Handmaid’s Tale by Margaret Atwood, (1) gender, (2) religion, and (3) government all depicted barriers that prevented one from attaining free will. Nonetheless, through resistance and rebellion, specific obstacles surrendered to the individuals who fought it, thus allowing humans to have access to their own identity and basic rights. First, gender, specifically identifying as a female, suppressed and brought about many hardships and struggles to the women in their society. In The Handmaid’s Tale, reading became restricted†¦show more content†¦Still, that did not let Offred fall under such oppression. Similarly, in Reading Lolita in Tehran, women living in this Islamic society ruled by Ayatollah Khomeini could not express enthusiasm or style. Simply living your life the way you want was an offense. Nafissi recalls a moment when one girl was taken to the principals office because â€Å"her nails were too long† (Nafisi 58). Something as small as having long nails held immoral standards by society and, if caught with, would only lead to trouble. There’s nothing wrong with having long nails and yet girls end up punished if they have them not just because it’s perceived as unethical in their society, but also because what are they? Women. Women chained and broken, constantly living their life oppressed, controlled and degraded by men who arrogantly felt superior towards them. They would find wrong in anything they’ve done just to push them to a corner and leave them helpless and trapped. Nafisi however, did not stand for this as she continued to quietly fight against the cultural norms and traditional gender roles in hopes of attaining freedom. Nafisi, along with many other women painted their nails bright colors and dressed in gaudy shirts under their long, black dress to protest against the sexist and unjust laws. They may be oppressed, but that did not stop them from seeking freedom. The women in both novels have gone through similar

Aristotle s Theory Of Philosophy - 1904 Words

There have been tons of philosophers throughout the last millennium and so on that have developed their ideas and supported them through various means. Aristotle is one of the most famous examples of a philosopher that does exactly that. Though mainly the influence was on the ancient world, his theories have a wide variety and assortment that has been an extreme influence on generations of philosophers even today. Aristotle’s efforts were able to answer questions that had been within the minds of Greeks for centuries! For a few examples, reality is explained through his theories as well as if it changes from our experiences or not, how the universe may be organized and many others were also spoken of. Aristotle not only developed his own ideas which later influenced many others’ theories on philosophy, but his ideas also have a great deal of importance attached to them when approaching concepts such as: nature, movement, and his view of the universe and destiny. Just a few of these are examples of which Aristotle used quite often in order to get other people to understand his philosophy as well as learn from their own mistakes and come to grasp for themselves how they should view the world. These ideas that were brought up by Aristotle must be thoroughly examined in order to understand his effect on philosophy and its progress. First of all, Aristotle’s concept of nature was developed throughout his reasoning that he was able to obtain from the Greek perspective andShow MoreRelatedAristotle s Realism Philosophy And Philosophy1590 Words   |  7 PagesAristotle’s Realism Philosophy Realism is an educational philosophy; furthermore it is a teaching that stresses knowledge that develops from one s own senses.in my opinion this is great idea for educational philosphy, because it shows that sense deveolpement is the realest possible learning to have. 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In a period containing such an immense amount of historical significance there is no doubting that it had influenced the people born. Notorious philosopher Aristotle is no exception, contributing a great deal to the fields ofRead MoreAristotle s Contributions Of Aristotle931 Words   |  4 PagesBiography of Aristotle Aristotle Headshot Aristotle was born in 384 BC, in Stagira, near Macedonia at the northern end of the Aegean Sea. His father, Nicomachus, was the family physician of King Amyntas of Macedonia. It is believed that Aristotle s ancestors had been the physicians of the Macedonian royal family for several generations. Having come from a long line of physicians, Aristotle received training and education that inclined his mind toward the study of natural phenomena. This educationRead MoreSocrates And Aristotle s Life1491 Words   |  6 Pagesphilosopher Aristotle is widely thought to have said, The ultimate value of life depends upon awareness and the power of contemplation rather than upon mere survival. The earliest accounts of human history chronicle the struggle for survival against all odds. It is therefore remarkable that roughly 2400 years ago the question of virtue was raised, let alone contemplated at great length, forming a foundation upon which Western philosophers build to the present day. Socr ates and Aristotle were twoRead MoreAristotle s Ideas And Philosophies Of Aristotle Essay1622 Words   |  7 Pagesdebated are the ideas and philosophies of Aristotle. Larger than life, Aristotle had substantial influence on the formation and methodology of science as a whole, as well as specific disciplines. Many of his theories were well beyond the knowledge of ancient Greece (or what they thought they knew), and only in recent history has the science community begun to discover that many of Aristotle’s theories were actually quite close to reality. In addition, many of his theories brought questions to lightRead MoreAristotle s Contributions Of Western Philosophy1124 Words   |  5 Pagesknown is Aristotle. His contributions to Western philosophy are in the areas of nature, nature, logic, metaphysics, the soul, morality, and politics. He was one of Plato’s students and studied under him for twenty years in the academy in Athens. He started to lecture about his on top of rhetoric. Aristotle became well known for his philosophies he began to tutor Phillip of Macedon son Alexander. 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It is the pursuit for wisdom, to comprehend human behavior, nature and ultimately the meaning of life. Plato was the student of Socrates, influenced by his work, Plato aged to become a great philosopher himself; establishing his philosophy from that of his teacher. Aristotle was the student of Plato, and like his teacher, grew up to ground his philosophy from that of Plato. Although,

Nursing Productive Change

Question: Describe about the Nursing for Productive Change. Answer: Constructive feedback in clinical practice is the information that is acquired comparing the observed achievement level of implemented activities and skills by a learner or health care provider with a particular standard of evaluation to determine the areas of productive change, modification, and improvement. Assessment and feedback are interactive processes that promote learning by ensuring that the standards are met and providing the learner with an insight of their performance through positive criticism (Gopee, 2015). An example of constructive feedback can be: You need to focus on achieving results with accuracy and precision and therefore you should include interventions and their respective rationales while writing a nursing care plan. Learner is a person who acquires knowledge, behaviours, attitude and skills about a particular subject and practice by studying, being instructed or through practical experience and using the gained knowledge and skills to systematically and critically analyse and solve clinical problems (Oermann, 2015). Learning environment is a physical, contextual and cultural location with internal and external factors that promote the continuous process of acquisition and development of knowledge, skills, attitudes and habits that are desirable by both the trainee and the trainer (Ortlieb Cheek, 2013) Importance of giving critical and developmental feedback Feedback in the clinical area for learners is a highly valuable tool in the effort of developing professionalism and competence. It is associated with some beneficial impacts on both the trainer and the learner. Firstly, constructive feedback helps in the development of self-confidence, self-esteem, self-awareness and enthusiasm for learning of the student by promoting effective student learning and therefore encouraging professional progression (Boud Molloy, 2013). Through frequent motivation by their supervisors, learners, develop an insight of what is an expected in particular clinical situation, a factor that enables them to identify their personal strengths and weaknesses and work to perfect their skills and knowledge. Students, therefore, become autonomous in making clinical decisions through self-regulation within their scope. According to Blais and Hayes (2011), feedback can be used to provide positive reinforcement of the desirable practices in the clinical area by aligning the teaching and learning. Thus the learners become sure of what is expected of them by receiving reassurance from their supervisors. Secondly, feedback leads to the improved clinical performance of the learners (Needham, McMurray Shaban, 2016). It supports the learners retention by enabling them to develop strategies to deal with their weaknesses learn faster and sustain their strengths. The experience gained through feedback by others helps one to have a critical reflection on personal attributes about the professional characteristics hence leading to satisfaction. Also, the supervisor also achieves fulfilment by effectively facilitating the development of learners, sharing practice and enhancing learning. On the other hand, feedback entails communication which can be formal through written remarks or informal through conversations. Since this process involves interaction, it also enhances the interpersonal skills and team collaboration in both the learner and the supervisor (Jansson Ene, 2016). Lastly, as stipulated by Lally, (2013), feedback promotes personal and professional growth. Formal feedback provided in the clinical practice forms part of the evidence-based practice. It helps the learners to appreciate the importance of feedback, constructive criticism and to assimilate the knowledge for application in their daily practice. It is also a practical advice for the learners that stimulate improved performance and competence. However, the supervisor has to demonstrate effective communication skills while providing the feedback to learners. The conducive learning environment, use of feedback process and enough preparation are some of the aspects that should be considered in providing an effective feedback that can serve the purpose it is meant for (Jansson Ene, 2016). References Blais, K, Hayes, J, S 2011,Professional nursing practice: Concepts and perspectives, Pearson, Boston. Boud, D, Molloy, E 2013,Feedback in higher and professional education: Understanding it and doing it well, Routledge London. Gopee, N 2015, Mentoring and supervision in healthcare, Sage Publications, Los Angeles. Jansson, I, Ene, K, W 2016, Nursing students evaluation of quality indicators during learning in clinical practice,Nurse Education in Practice,20,17-22. Lally, S 2013, Practice teaching and the importance of feedback.Community Practitioner: the Journal of the Community Practitioners' Health Visitors' Association,86,1, 27-30. Needham, J, McMurray, A, Shaban, R, Z 2016, Best practice in the clinical facilitation of undergraduate nursing students,Nurse Education in Practice,20,131-138. Oermann, M, H 2015,Teaching in nursing and role of the educator: The complete guide to best practice in teaching, evaluation, and curriculum development, Springer Publishing Company, New York. Ortlieb, E, Cheek, E, H 2013,Advanced literacy practices: From the clinic to the classroom, Emerald Group Pub, Bingley.

Banning Junk Food Advertising Essays

Banning Junk Food Advertising Essays Banning Junk Food Advertising Essay Banning Junk Food Advertising Essay In my sentiment. a prohibition against debris nutrient advertisement shouldn’t be a manner to forestall childhood fleshiness because it is non a solution to hold healthier life style. First. ban debris nutrient advertisement will non acquire a existent and unequivocal alteration in the eating wonts of kids. Rather than a solution it is a great challenge that couldn’t be achieved by agencies of Torahs that merely focuses on things kids shouldn’t be eating. alternatively of concentrating on advancing healthy tips. Besides. ban debris nutrient advertisement is non related to worry about the wellness of kids. and we shouldn’t ever back up in Torahs or prohibitions to be cognizant and more responsible with the picks in attention wellness of our childs. Everything kids eat is merely our determination and enforcing a prohibition ignores wholly the importance of our personal duty like parents. As grownups. we make personal picks about the diet. exercising. eating wonts. and life style of kids. so the bar of childhood fleshiness has more personal influence. non the Torahs. Second. when we prohibit something. we are non educating anyone and for that ground is necessary to retrieve the importance of the instruction like the average solution to forestall childhood fleshiness. Jeff Stier. editorialist of Townhall magazine. high spots that we live in a universe where the parents. non the Torahs. are chiefly responsible for kids and they have to educate them. This is of import without a uncertainty ; parents have the duty to command the exposure clip of kids to media likewise the irrational ingestion of debris nutrient. Therefore. we can non fault the advertisement wholly. Third. we shouldn’t permit that a jurisprudence or prohibition assumes parents’ function in the instruction of their kids. it would be strengthen their irresponsibleness as for kids’ wellness attention. so to forestall that a prohibition merely postpones the acquisition procedure to subsequently old ages when parents lose the control. we need to get down learning them a better life style from place foremost because is into the household that kids build healthy or unhealthy wonts. Finally. censoring fast nutrient advertisement won’t encourage consumers. kids and grownups to concentrate on doing important lifestyle alterations. Merely with instruction. we could confront the advertisement environment that is necessary to forestall childhood fleshiness. Work Cited Stier. Jeff. Regulation Junk Food Advertising-The Next Nanny State Initiative . Townhall Magazine July 2011. Non Print.

Lee Bontecou And Anger Management essays

Lee Bontecou And Anger Management essays Lee Bontecou And Anger Management Lee Bontecou was born in Providence, Rhode Island, in 1931 A.D. She was then raised in Westchester County, NewYork, spending summers in Nova Scotia, Canada, in close contact with nature. Her mother worked at a factory wiring submarine transmitters during World War II, and her father and uncle made the first all-aluminum canoe. Gaining a sense of encouragement from her parents, Bontecou attended the Art Students Leauge in NewYork from 1952-55, where she studied academic painting techniques and sculpture in plaster, clay, and cement with William Zorach. Since then, she entered into the huge world of art and the artist. She was equally involved in all forms of arts and even she said,"I had taken the drawing class then I took the painting. And then I thought, "well, I'll just go down and try sculpture." And that was that. I never came up afterward." She is indeed a great artist as well as a great sculptor. She always tries to create an illusion in her painting. She mixes a very few co lors like black, gray in her art. The black color really represents the depth of her painting. Also, her three dimensional sculpture was extraordinary. Twisting conventions of frame and image, this new way of working offered Bontecou the possibility of incorporating a pictorial, painterly quality into spatial play. In her these type of works, the viewer's perceptual orientation goes back and forth between the "image" and theconcreteness imposed by the materiality of the sculpture. We all know that art is the tool for the artist to potrait his/her inner expressions and experiences. And also each and every form of art has its own story of creation. To view such type of creation our class went to the Museum of Mordern Art (MOMA) situated in the vicinity of Queens on 21st of September 2004. Before visiting the Museum, I really didn't have interest in arts and artists but when I went through the Museum, I really was aston...

Sotcks investment project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sotcks investment project - Essay Example Listed at the NYSE in 1970, the UK firm was selected because of the interest in the energy sector based on the price fluctuations it experiences. The BP stocks were trading well at an average of $41.5. With earnings per share of 4.99 in the current year, investing in the firm would be a noble idea. But with the news of how the company was duped in the compensation of for the 2010 Gulf of Mexico spill because its attorneys failed to include the need for proof of damage by the spill, the BP stock slipped, and particularly by 1.2% in London on 5th June 2013. The same industry had me trade in ConocoPhillips, a major integrated oil and gas firm that explores, produces and markets crude oil, natural gas and bitumen globally. With its headquarters in Houston, Texas, the firm was founded in 1917 with Conoco and Phillips merging in 2002 to create the firm. The choice of ConocoPhillips’ stock for trading was informed by the need to understand the industry by considering another firm oth er than the earlier studies BP. ConocoPhillips would be a viable investment because since 2002, the firm has had its gross profit and cost of goods sold remain constant or improve, save for the year 2008 when falling commodity prices and declining market capitalization caused a slight dip. As such, shareholders are assured of returns on their investments over a long term. Additionally, the firm is the largest independent energy and petroleum firm as measured by production and proved reserves as noted by Market Watch; a sovereignty that secures the interest of shareholders. The stock price of ConocoPhillips exhibit strong correlation with its financial achievement. The $11 billion repurchase of common stock in 2011 aimed at increasing its earnings per share and net income thus increase demand for its stock which would in turn raise its price at the stock exchange. With a dividend of $2.64 in the pas financial year, the firm has had its stock price averaging at about $60. To further u nderstand the trends in major integrated oil and gas industry, Exxon Mobil, another firm from the industry, was selected for trading practice in this class. Exxon Mobil explores and produces crude oil and natural gases and also manufactures petroleum products. The Irving, Texas firm, founded in 1870 also transports and sells these products. Its operations cut across the globe to cover the US, Canada, Africa, Asia, Europe and Australia. The merger between Exxon and Mobil in 1999 which made the firm the largest publicly traded company in the energy sector could be a reason to attract investors. Just like other firms in this industry, the stock price of Exxon Mobil would be greatly influenced by the prices of crude oil. The increase in prices of crude oil in the period around 2011 saw the firm raise the price of its products which translated to increased stock price. With forecasted future increase in energy demand globally, it is anticipated that its share price will keep rising. Four thly, Hertz was selected for the trading practice to help understand how changes in the oil industries affect consumers of its products. Founded in 2005 and headquartered in Park Ridge, NJ, Hertz runs two segments in its business: renting cars and renting equipment in Canada and the US. Investing in Hertz would be viable as

Arthur Conan Doyle, The New Catacomb Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Arthur Conan Doyle, The New Catacomb - Essay Example The most amazing thing about the story is its setting. The two characters are shown as sitting at Kennedy’s place, crowded with the relics of the yore, a stark contrast from the modern world that existed outside. I also found the writers delineation of the features of the characters, very interesting. To begin with, I believed that the interaction between Kennedy and Burger bordered on the good natured bantering between two friends. To me, the two friends’ journey to the new catacomb appeared to be a simple adventure. However, as the two descended into the catacomb, the details inside the catacomb, with its hidden mazes, stacked corpses and the surrounding darkness started to take a hold over me and I began to develop the premonition that something eerie is going to take place. Then the climax came with all its hidden wrath and vengeance. I was surprised and in fact awed to realize that the emotion of hurt and revenge could turn into something so treacherous and at the same time so just. The end filled me with a feeling of fear. But, deep down within me, I was to some extent satisfied that the treatment met to Kennedy by Roger was fare and well deserved, though grotesque. Overall, I found the pace of the narrative, very disciplined, terse and exciting. 2. Edgar Allan Poe, The Cask of Amontillado While reading this story I felt that the writer left many facts and details unanswered.

The Global Hunt for Edward Snowden Essay Example for Free

The Global Hunt for Edward Snowden Essay The wild flight of the fugitive leaker — from Hong Kong to the transit area of Moscow’s Sherymetyvo Airport, and perhaps on to Ecuador — has turned into a public humiliation for the White House. U.S. officials publicly threatened â€Å"consequences† if Snowden wasn’t returned, only to be openly rebuffed by Chinese officials and Russia’s Vladimir Putin. This made embarrassingly clear how little leverage President Obama has in Moscow or Beijing (and how much wiser it would have been to request Snowden’s return in private). Most disturbing, the Snowden affair has enabled some of the world’s worst human rights offenders to portray themselves as champions of freedom by defending Snowden while denouncing America as a massive violator of rights. China’s Xinhua news agency branded the United States as â€Å"the biggest (cyber) villain in our age.† Russian parliamentarians did likewise. You might think that such self-righteous claims would be dismissed as political posturing. Yet in today’s world, with America’s image sullied by Abu Ghraib and Guantanamo, and by our paralyzed politics, these charges can find a receptive audience, not only abroad but at home. So let’s look at the records of the countries that are offering Snowden the greatest support. For starters, there is something bizarre about the list. While Snowden claims to be defending personal freedoms, he has sought shelter from egregious violators of human rights, including China, Russia, Cuba, Venezuela and Ecuador. Whatever his motives, this lends an air of hypocrisy to his claims. He took refuge in Hong Kong, which is part of China, whose leaders control the country’s Internet portals, block content and monitor individual access. The Chinese censor print and electronic media and have â€Å"the largest recorded number of imprisoned journalists and cyber-dissidents in the world,† according to Amnesty International. Chinese government hackers have conducted massive commercial and military espionage in the United States (and presumably elsewhere) and even breached Google’s computers. Beijing is obviously delighted that it can fend off U.S. complaints by claiming America does likewise. Such charges are bogus — and they know it. Whatever your opinion about the National Security Agency’s surveillance programs, the fact is that Congress OK’d them and set up special courts to monitor them. The U.S. public can debate whether the controls should be tightened, and demand change. In China, no Congress or courts govern surveillance nor can Chinese citizens oppose it. Government hackers break into the software of international companies such as Apple to steal industrial secrets — on a massive scale. As Obama noted, that’s not normal intelligence gathering; â€Å"that’s theft.† Then there’s Russia, where the state controls all major newspapers and national TV networks, which are still the major news source for the bulk of the population. Journalists are beaten up or murdered, and the perpetrators, conveniently, are never found. Political dissenters are cowed, arrested, or driven into exile. So when Putin praises Snowden as a â€Å"human rights activist† who â€Å"struggles for freedom of information,† it’s hard not to gag. Any Russian who did similarly would wind up in the gulag or worse. Snowden’s final destination — possibly Ecuador via Venezuela — is equally odd for a defender of freedom. As pointed out by Bill Sweeney, editorial director of the Committee to Protect Journalists, Venezuela has shut down independent broadcasters via a system of politicized regulations. As for Ecuador, its populist president, Rafael Correa, has criminalized reporting that is critical of his government — and prosecuted journalists who attempt it. That brings us to the heart of the matter. Snowden’s saviors have seized a delicious opportunity to deflect U.S. criticism of their own cyberattacks and rights violations by branding the United States as the real sinner. Dogged by images from Abu Ghraib and Guantanamo, Washington has become an easy target. Even some allies have tired of America’s human rights demands (which are readily ignored when strategic concerns trump them, as in Syria). So, critics of American hubris may cheer when Putin praises Snowden — or when the People’s Daily proclaims that Snowden â€Å"tore off Washington’s sanctimonious mask.† It’s necessary to remind them: The countries helping Snowden aren’t doing so because they dislike spying. On the contrary. They don’t want limits on their own surveillance, just on ours.

Offshore Drilling Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Offshore Drilling What is it? Drilling for oil in the ocean is one of the greatest technological breakthroughs in recent decades, and many new techniques have been developed to profit from the abundance of oil underneath the ocean floor. While drilling for oil has been around for hundreds of years in one form or the another, the effective extraction of petroleum from beneath the sea floor did not surface until the last forty years. The search for oil often turns out to be unproductive, but this practice is vital for the economic future of many nations. In order for any drilling to take place, an offshore drilling rig must first be installed. These offshore platforms can be situated in water up to a several hundred meters in depth. But before any drilling takes place, an oil and gas "trap" must first be located in the ocean, and with the ocean floor being at such great depths, the visibility is often very poor. To locate potential traps, engineers use seismic surveying, and then analyze the data they receive to decide whether or not drilling in the area would have the chance of containing oil and/or gas. The engineers will not know whether their assumptions are true until they penetrate the trap with a drill bit. Due to the fact that the traps can sometimes be a great distance below the ocean, advanced computer technology is required to guide the drill bit to a fixed location. Installed above the drill bit is a navigation device, which sends back information to the controller, allowing them to locate the exact location that is presu med to have the oil and to measure and monitor the trap. Inside the drill pipe, there is a steerable motor that can be controlled to adjust the drill and the direction in which it is headed. ... ...ould be less tension between the federal government, the oil companies, environmentalists, and the public. More importantly, we would be following the process theology and respecting nature, which is what God wants us to do. References Offshore Drilling Page. 1999. Gulf Coast Environmental Defense. <http://www.southerncitizen.org/gced/articles/no_rigs/10_15_97dp.html> <http://www.southerncitizen.org/gced/articles/no_rigs/battle.html> Offshore Drilling. Odyssey Magazine n ° 1. <http://www.elf.fr/odyssee/us/mag/mag01/fmer.htm> Offshore Drilling. Australian Institute of Petroleum. <http://www.aip.com.au/education/projects/pt_offshore/> Bright, Thomas J., Thompson, Jack H. Research Product. 21 Jan. 1980. 24 Jan. 1980 <http://www.epa.gov/ged/publica/c1410.htm> Barbour, Ian. Ethics in an Age of Technology. New York: HarperCollins, 1991.

Enhanced Reading Instructions Essay

Differentiated Instructional demand of pupils makes it imperative for a instructor to be after out her direction in little groups and separate reading Centres to give pupils ample pattern. Teachers form little flexible groups of pupils. meeting twice or thrice a hebdomad for a specific clip. The instructor draws up similar structure† to bring forth thoughts. stimulate thought. do programs and make a desire† . ( Cited in Steering authorship and Observing Reading. p. 385 ) . Teachers† find more chance to utilize their cognition and accomplishments more to the full and effectively† . ( cited in Making Instructional Decisions. p. 461 ) . â€Å"Many usage alternate schemes in order to run into the particular demand of the students† ( Modifying Lessons. p. 461 ) Alternative lesson structures recommends the usage of at least two types of lesson constructions. One Guided Reading and the other Skill Focused Lessons. It follows a form where the text is selected. introduced. read and discussed. In a Teacher- led- Centre. â€Å"the option most favored today. Centre on incorporate course of study. an attempt to link the linguistic communication humanistic disciplines with other capable countries. frequently through subjects. Integration is encouraged across all capable countries. including math â€Å" . ( Basal Readers and Instructional Materials. Chp13. p. 0 ) â€Å"Skill development and pattern activities are frequently interspersed with originative enrichment thoughts in the teacher’s usher. † ( Chp13. p. 460 ) Students who need focused acquisition to go fluid and accurate in their use. Skill Focused Lessons are planned out by a instructor. like †writing. speaking. . . brainstorming†¦ function playing. doodling. pulling. cartooning. jotting ain thoughts. taking notes. interviewing and even organizing mental images through visual image and in writing organisers. † ( Steering Writing and Observing Reading p. 385 ) . Thus guidelines are set. which help heighten effectual reading composing in a schoolroom. Mention hypertext transfer protocol: //www. fcrr. org/assessment/pdf/smallgroupalternativelessonstructures. pdf

Bamburi Cement Company Example For Free - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 8 Words: 2462 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? Bamburi Cement Ltd. (Bamburi Cement) is a Kenya based cement production company. Bamburi Cement, through its subsidiaries is primarily engaged in the manufacture and sale of cement and cement related products, which include the Portland cement, Portland pozzolana cement and Portland limestone cement. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Bamburi Cement Company Example For Free" essay for you Create order The companyÂÂ ´s products are marketed under various brand names which include Power Plus Cement, Nguvu Cement, Supaset, Multi Purpose and Plasta Plus. Bamburi Cement also owns and manages a world class nature and environmental park that was developed from the rehabilitation quarries. The company has its operations in Kenya and Uganda. The company is headquartered at Nairobi, Kenya. In this study, Bamburi Cement has used the total debt-to-assets (or debt-to-capital employed) as a measure of its capital structure. Total debt includes interest bearing long-term and short-term debt. Assets include fixed assets and those current assets that are financed by debt. This paper is divided into several sections namely; Definition of Capital Structure; Rajan and Zingales (1995) argue that the definition of capital structure would depend on the objective of the analysis. For example, for agency-problem related studies, capital structure maybe measured by total debt-to-firm value ratio ., Relevance of Capital Structure; The prevailing argument, originally developed by Modigliani and Miller (1958), is that an optimal capital structure exists which balances the risk of bankruptcy with the tax savings of debt.ÂÂ   Once established, this capital structure should provide greater returns to stockholders than they would receive from an all-equity firm. Evaluation of the Capital Structure of Bamburi Cement Company; Bamburis debt-asset ratio of 22.9% and capitalization ratio of 24.2% shows that it is less dependent on leverage, i.e., money borrowed from and/or owed to others. As seen elsewhere in this paper Bamburi Cement operates in a highly dynamic environment and their choice of capital structure measure resonates well with what modern thinking is, about, finding the right or best financing mix. Firms in industries characterized as exhibiting high levels of dynamism are more successful if they had relatively low levels of debt. One of the dramatic changes cre ated by the expanding global economy is the increase in the rate of change within industries. And as more industries experience greater levels of change, the use of debt-centered governance will prove less effective in the near future. The other areas covered include; determinant factors of Capital Structure, Limitations in improving Capital Structure and How to improve Capital Structure. INTRODUCTION Bamburi Cement Ltd. was founded in 1951 by Felix Mandl a director of Cementia Holding A.G. Zurich. Cementia later went into partnership with Blue Circle PLC (UK). In 1989, Lafarge, the worlds largest building materials group, acquired Cementia, and thus became an equal shareholder with Blue Circle. Lafarge bought Blue Circle in 2001 to become the largest building materials company in the world and Bamburi Cement Limited principle shareholder. Its first plant Mombasa started production in 1954 with annual capacity of 140,000 tonnes of cement. Today the Mombasa based plant has the capacity to produce of 1.1 million tonnes. In 1998, a new one million tonne per annum clinker grinding plant was added just outside Nairobi, increasing the total production capacity to 2.1 million tonnes. With the new plant, Bamburi Cement has been able to improve its service to Nairobi and upcountry markets, through speedier and more efficient packing turn around time, The rail sliding at the Nairob i plant has also facilitated sales to Western Kenya and Uganda. Bamburi Cement is the largest cement manufacturing company in the region and its Mombasa plant is the second largest cement plant in sub-Saharan Africa. It is also one of the largest manufacturing export earners in Kenya, exporting 28 per cent of its production in 1998 (29 per cent). Export markets include Reunion, Uganda and Mayotle. In the past, they have also included Mauritius, Sri Lanka, The Comoros, Madagascar, Seychelles and the Congo. Bamburi is primarily engaged in the manufacture and sale of cement and cement related products. Bamburi also owns and manages a world class nature and environmental park developed from rehabilitated quarries. Bamburi has financed its various expansion projects through debt over the last six years although its capital structure is a mix of debt and equity. However, there is a reduction in borrowings propping up the cash balances that are expected to fund expansionary capita l expenditure. Firms are free to choose whatever mix of debt and equity or capital structures they desire to finance their assets, subject to the willingness of investors to provide such funds. In some firms, such as Chrysler Corporation, debt accounts for more than 70 percent of the financing, while other firms, such as Microsoft, have little or no debt. A firms capital structure should attempt to determine what its optimal, or best, mix of financing should be. Determining the exact optimal capital structure is not a science, so after analyzing a number of factors, a firm establishes a target capital structure it believes is optimal, which is then used as a guide for raising funds in the future. This target might change over time as conditions vary, but at any given moment the firms management has a specific capital structure in mind, and individual financing decisions should be consistent with this target. 1.1 Definition of Capital Structure Capital structure could be defined in different ways. In the US, it is common to define capital structure in terms of long-term debt ratio. In a number of countries, particularly the emerging markets, companies employ both short-term and long-term debt for financing their assets, including current assets. It is also common for companies in developing countries to substitute short-term debt for long-term debt and roll over short-term debt. Hence, it is more appropriate and particularly in the context of developing economies, to define capital structure as total debt ratio. Rajan and Zingales (1995) argue that the definition of capital structure would depend on the objective of the analysis. For example, for agency-problem related studies, capital structure maybe measured by total debt-to-firm value ratio. Debt could be divided into its various components, and numerator and denominator could be measured in book value and market value terms. In this study, Bamburi Cement has used the total debt-to-assets (or debt-to-capital employed) as a measure of its capital structure. Total debt includes interest bearing long-term and short-term debt. Assets include fixed assets and those current assets that are financed by debt. 1.2 Relevance of Capital Structure A capital structure that is appropriate is a decision that is critical for any kind of business organization. Such a decision is vital not only due to the impact it would have on the organizations ability to handle its competitive environment but also the need to maximize returns to the different organizational constituencies. There is a prevailing argument developed originally by Miller and Modiglian (1958), which states that there is the existence of an optimal capital structure that balances the tax savings of debt with the risk of bankruptcy. Once such a capital structure is established it is capable of providing bigger returns to the stakeholders than they would get from an all-equity organization. Across the industries there are significant differences in the environmental characteristics impacting organizations. The most relevant among the characteristics is environmental dynamism which is defined as the rate of environmental change and the instability of that change. Env ironmental dynamism is usually as a result of different forces operating at one time. They include an increase in the number and size of organizations within a certain industry, increase in the rate of technological variation plus its diffusion throughout that industry. For all involved parties (including stockholders, debt-holders, top managers and others), as environmental dynamism increases it results in an increase in actors increased inability to assess both the present and the future state of the environment accurately. This limits their ability to establish the potential impact of decision-making on future and current business activities and determining feasible alternative that organizations should pursue. This means that the effect of increasing environmental dynamism levels is reduction of access to knowledge required in making critical decision. This as a result reduces the predictability and stability of relations among organizations and their constituents within a ce rtain industry. It is thus a logical inference that varying degrees of environmental dynamism could have a differential influence on similar activities occuring between industries. This means that since the degree of environmental dynamism varies across industries, it would be reasonable to expect significant differences in adaptive capabilities that are required for survival and that such differences should have implications on performance. Table 1 below can verify this. It is a table showing a rank ordering of industries based on their extent of measured environmental dynamism. The industries located towards the top of this table are those characterized as having high dynamism level. This means that the rate of change plus the degree of uncertainty about future states makes decision-making hard. Conversely, the firms in the industries found towards the bottom of the table are in relatively benign environments. Table 1 . This study is a serious test to the traditional capital structure literature.ÂÂ   One of the dramatic changes created by the expanding global economy is the increase in the rate of change within industries. As more industries encounter greater levels of change, the use of debt-centered governance will prove less effective in the near future. Bamburi cement operates in an environment that is highly dynamic and their choice of capital structure measure resonates well with what modern thinking is, about, finding the best or right financing mix. Firms in industries characterized as exhibiting high levels of dynamism are more successful if they had relatively low levels of debt. 1.3 Evaluation of the Capital Structure of Bamburi Cement Company In this study, Bamburi Cement has used the total debt-to-assets (or debt-to-capital employed) as a measure of its capital structure. Total debt includes interest bearing long-term and short-term debt. Assets include fixed assets and those current assets that are financed by debt. Period Year 6-2009 Year 5-2008 Year 4-2007 Year 3-2006 Year 2-2005 Year 1-2004 Sources of Funds: Kes millions Share capital Reserves 20,941 16,602 15,075 13,736 11,281 10,485 Long Term Debt 6,227 6,170 2,422 2,319 2,230 2,348 27,168 22,772 17,497 16,055 13,511 12,833 Weight of Sources of Funds: Share capital Reserves (we) 0.7579 0.71522 0.85454 0.84878 0.82725 0.8077 Long Term Debt (wd) 0.24206 0.28477 0.14545 0.15121 0.17274 0.1922 Dividends per share 11.00 6.00 6.00 5.50 5.30 6.12 Market price per share 156.00 165.00 196.00 215.00 140.00 95.00 Cost of Sources of Funds Cost of Share capital (ke) 7.05128 3.6363 3.0612 2.5581 3.7857 6.4421 Interest rate, i 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 9.5 Corporation tax, t 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 Long Term Debt (kd), i(1-t) 6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65 6.65 Growth in Equity (G) 25.82 8.90 9.31 21.89 8.27 (10.43) Ke+G 32.87 12.54 12.37 24.45 12.06 (3.99) kewe 25.34 9.14 10.66 20.92 10.07 (3.26) kdwd 1.5242 1.8017 0.9205 0.9605 1.0975 1.2167 Weighted Cost of Capital, WACC (%) Ko= kewe+ kdwd 26.8609 10.9446 11.5800 21.8802 11.1662 -2.0448 Net profit Kes millions 6,970 3,412 3,810 2,799 2,155 1,901 Total Assets Kes 000 27,168 22,772 17,497 16,055 13,511 12,833 Return On Investment (ROI %) 25.655 14.9833 21.7751 17.4338 15.9499 14.8133 1.5 Determinant factors of Capital Structure Factors Determining Capital Structure Trading on Equity- Trading on equity becomes more significant when expectations of shareholders are soaring. Degree of control- Bamburi would like to preserve their voting rights in their hands and thus the capital structure consists of debenture holders and loans rather than equity shares. Flexibility of financial plan- In Bamburi t there is both contractions as well as relaxation in plans and therefore the company has gone for issue of debentures and other loans. Choice of investors- Bamburis policy is to have different categories of investors for securities. The capital structure thus gives adequate choice to all kinds of investors to investor while keeping into mind conscious investors. Capital market condition- In the lifetime of the company, the market price of the shares has got an important influence. During the depression period, the companys capital structure generally consists of debentures and loans. While in period of inflation and boons , the companys capi tal should consist of share capital generally equity shares. Period of financing- When Bamburi wants to raise finance for short period, it goes for loans from banks and other institutions; while for long interval it goes for issue of debentures and shares. Cost of financing- In a capital structure, the company has to look to the factor of cost when securities are raised. It is seen that debentures at the time of profit earning of company ascertain to be a cheaper source of finance as compared to equity shares where equity shareholders demand an extra share in profits. Stability of sales- An established business which has a growing market and high sales turnover, the company is in position to meet fixed commitments. Interest on debentures has to be paid regardless of profit. Therefore, when sales are high, thereby the profits are high and company is in better position to meet such fixed commitments like interest on debentures and dividends on preference shares. If company is having unstable sales, then the company is not in position to meet fixed obligations. So, equity capital proves to be safe in such cases. Sizes of a company- Small size business firms capital structure generally consists of loans from banks and retained profits. While on the other hand, big companies having goodwill, stability and an established profit can easily go for issuance of shares and debentures as well as loans and borrowings from financial institutions. The bigger the size, the wider is total capitalization. 1.6 Limitations in improving Capital Structure Four problems that tend to increase as leverage escalates: (1) a growing risk of bankruptcy; (2) lack of access to the capital markets during times of tight credit; (3) the need for management to concentrate on finances and raising additional capital at the expense of focusing on operations; (4) higher costs for whatever additional debt and preferred stock capital the company is able to raise. Aside from the unpleasantness involved, it is noted that each of these factors also entails tangible monetary costs. 1.7 How to improve Capital Structure Effective capital structure management can he achieved through consistent use of the following strategies. strategy 1. organize for effective capital structure management Bamburi will ensure that the board of directors and senior leaders are on the same page about the benefits and importance of effective capital structure management to the organizations competitive financial performance by providing education, establishing the team, and defining the organizations attitude toward risk. strategy 2. determine the appropriate level of debt capacity Bamburi has over the years been able to successfully establish the parameters of the debt portion of the capital structure to remain strategically and financially competitive. strategy 3. determine the optimal mix of debt-to-equity financing and traditional-to-nontraditional financing As a result Bamburi knows how much it can borrow in the debt markets and how much capital it needs to come from other sources, both traditional and nontraditional. Targets for the appropriate debt to equity ratio are based on debt capacity, rating agency benchmarks, and tolerance for risk. Bamburi has to monitor and continuously adjust the debt portfolio to maintain maximum flexibility, lowest possible interest costs, and acceptable levels of risk.The importance of effective and efficient capital structure management to an organizations long-term competitive strategic financial performance cannot be overemphasized. Use of the above capital structure management strategies will increasingly reward the organization with the know-how and muscle to achieve a strategic financial competitive advantage.