The Old Man And The Sea :: essays research papers

Relationship, External Nature and Dignity in The Old Man and The SeaMan has always suffered his most to achieve his goal. However if one doesnt hold out the risk of exposure allow not be prepared to devotele his problems. Experience is a part of life which gives man his true identity. Does this identity comes from ones luck or struggle? Relationships on the other hand interpret strength and dignity. Ernest Hemingway has shown this through Manolins behavior. He is a young boy who follows capital of Chile and listen to his wisdom. If this dignity is eliminated will it effect there relationship? Santiagos fight with record symbolizes the troubles of existence. Does this mean that the outer existence is nothing but a perilous world? Relationship, External nature and Dignity are the major themes in The Old Man and the SeaA very important relationship in the novella The Old Man and the Sea is that amidst Manolin and Santiago. Manolin supports Santiago and helped him to confront his greatest challenge. Manolin proves this when he says, "I would like go fishing with you. I would like to serve you in some way" (p. 15). Manolin is the showtime person who appreciates Santiagos experience and skills. He wants to be like Santiago and be a skillful fisherman (p.24). Manolins concern for Santiago is very significant to their relationship. It keeps the linked even after a huge difference in their age. When Santiago returns after loosing his spectacular catch, its Manolin who cries at the sight of the wounds "he saw the old mans hand and started to cry" (p. 122), and vows that he will never allow the old man to fish alone again. Therefore Manolin has proven his relationship to Santiago through his moral respect. The danger confronting Santiago in the external nature represents the troubles of existence. Heminways, The Old Man and the Sea represents many meanings to the out side existence. The marlin for example represents struggle, trouble and the last challenge Santiago went through. Santiagos struggle as a fisherman with marlin also symbolizes durability by putting up such a struggle. Accomplishing or obtaining something doesnt always end ones journey. at once Santiago hooked the fish (marlin) he still has further complications (p.57). First, the fish might dive to the bottom and break the line second, it might die, and sink (p.72). The sharks suffer him more trouble afterwards. The cost him to loose his stuff, "He took my harpoon and my rope (p.

Impact of Whiteness on Blacks in Toni Morrisons The Bluest Eye Essay

The Impact of Whiteness on Blacks in Toni Morrisons The Bluest Eye Toni Morrisons The Bluest Eye does not focus on direct white oppression of a dark-skinned community, but rather how whiteness is ingrained in the minds of the inexorable community and serves as a destructive force. There are few white characters introduced in the declare, but whiteness and the culturally accepted ideal of whiteness as an indication or measure of truelove is ever present. Morrisons first page, The Dick and Jane story, is a clean, simple and perfect example of whiteness. Mother, Father, Dick and Jane are the family and they live in a pretty house with a cat and dog. This is whiteness. Whiteness is nice, clean, happy and simple. turn the page we soon discover that perfect simplistic whiteness can turn chaotic and destructive. This first shocking introduction to whiteness not alone foreshadows the end of the book, but is alike the first of many direct examples of whiteness and its pote ntial to consume the mind and destroy the spirit. Within the first few pages of the book we find Shirley Temple and a white baby doll, both pretty with their blue eyes and creamy skin. That both of these symbols of whiteness are young and introduced to slender black children is very significant. Whiteness is known and begins to warp around and take hold of them from the beginning. They are never allowed to entertain or contemplate their own beauty because they are shown early on symbols of pretty and they will never measure up. White baby dolls are loved and Shirley Temple is adored while their black skin, wool like hair and brown eyes are merely tolerated. We learn from Claudias example that the only way to keep the whiteness from destroying y... ...whiteness is potentially damaging. It is also effective because is demonstrates how black communities self imploded if they internalized the white ideal. This is very powerful. That notion that whites did not need to by p hysically present but merely symbolically be in order to undermine the stability and self-image of a black community. Whiteness then did, and does, have the power to destroy if it is internalized and accepted as the ideal--an ideal that is unavailable and therefor all the more damaging. Works Cited and Consulted Davis, Cynthia. Self, Society, and Myth in Toni Morrisons Fiction. Draper 222. Draper, James P., ed. Contemporary Literary Criticism. Toni Morrison. Michigan Gale Research Inc., 1994. Morrison, Toni. The Bluest Eye. New York, New York Plume, 1994. Steiner, Wendy. The Clearest Eye. Draper 239.

Business Advertising Affect on Society Essay -- essays research papers

Business and societyToday, big companies and corporations are trying to make us buy their products by exploitation more and more advertising techniques. TV commercials, posters on the walls, newspaper ads and a variety of several(predicate) flyers are beneficial some examples of the massive propaganda utilize by bank linees. Some critics say that the number of this adds is so extensive that, they can change our views of brio. After everyone have seen the same actor chewing the same glue tree charm sitting in the club with three hot girls, over and aver again, people might really start thinking that chewing that gum ordain make them more attractive. This is the focus that the creators of that ad will want us to think. The ads are not just promoting the products, but also a emotional statestyle. To bouncy that life style, you need to get the products. This sounds like an evil plan, used by the commercial world. But is the public really so simple minded to just remark eve rything they see and hear?It is a fact that the life presented on the TV as well as in the number of magazines, is much divergent from the life of an average person. Majority of as are not like that and never will be. Society is getting more diverse. People are comprehend to so many different kings music that others never heard of. As the models on the fashion magazine covers are getting thinner and thinner, the majority of Americans are truly gaining weight. Businesses are still following the will of the consumers, even though they became so big and powerful.Most of the people want to become in a way interrupt then who they are right now. No one can really change their personality or completely become a different person in one day. But there are things that we want to make different about ourselves. Thi... ...ace, will get so demoralize when he is going to see his favorite NBA player wearing the Adidas shoes that he does not have. This is the society, not the business might make us self-conscious with who we are. An publicizing is the way businesses fight each other on the market, truing to get better then the others. And in the society, people want to show that they are better then others, often by changing themselves. The businesses will not change who we are, but the society can. Very often, the society dictates us what to wear and what music should we to see to. We would unceasingly choose what store to go to. But we can not the society we were born into. Some people might blame media and big business for devising them unhappy with themselves. But if they were really happy and confident in the first place, they would not even think of changing themselves, that much. Business Advertising act on Society Essay -- essays research papersBusiness and societyToday, big companies and corporations are trying to make us buy their products by using more and more advertising techniques. TV commercials, posters on the walls, newspaper ads and a variety of different flyers are just some examples of the massive propaganda used by businesses. Some critics say that the number of this adds is so extensive that, they can change our views of life. After everyone have seen the same actor chewing the same gum while sitting in the club with three hot girls, over and aver again, people might really start thinking that chewing that gum will make them more attractive. This is the way that the creators of that ad will want us to think. The ads are not just promoting the products, but also a lifestyle. To live that life style, you need to get the products. This sounds like an evil plan, used by the commercial world. But is the public really so simple minded to just follow everything they see and hear?It is a fact that the life presented on the TV as well as in the number of magazines, is much different from the life of an average person. Majority of as are not like that and never will be. Society is getting more diverse. People ar e listening to so many different kings music that others never heard of. As the models on the fashion magazine covers are getting thinner and thinner, the majority of Americans are actually gaining weight. Businesses are still following the will of the consumers, even though they became so big and powerful.Most of the people want to become in a way better then who they are right now. No one can really change their personality or completely become a different person in one day. But there are things that we want to make different about ourselves. Thi... ...ace, will get so depressed when he is going to see his favorite NBA player wearing the Adidas shoes that he does not have. This is the society, not the business might make us uncomfortable with who we are. An advertisement is the way businesses fight each other on the market, truing to get better then the others. And in the society, people want to show that they are better then others, often by changing themselves. The businesses w ill not change who we are, but the society can. Very often, the society dictates us what to wear and what music should we to listen to. We would always choose what store to go to. But we can not the society we were born into. Some people might blame media and big business for making them unhappy with themselves. But if they were really happy and confident in the first place, they would not even think of changing themselves, that much.

Metamorphis: Relating to Personal Incident :: essays papers

Metamorphis Relating to Personal IncidentTwenty minutes had past since I was set on to the table to dry. I didnot want to incubate upon my fears which were inevitable to occur, so I coulddo nothing entirely observe all the minute details that were once so trivialand overlooked but outright seemed to be of such great importance. The firstthing to catch my eye was the lighting in the room, I was not sure if thelights were set to be dim or if it was from all the clouds of exhaled stinkpotwhich also left a distinct smell of the burn herb. To my left I saw themany burnt out roaches in the ash tray, which at this point could holdnothing more. To the far right I saw a sandwich bag which was now packedwith nothing but broken branches and seeds. It was obvious what used tobe inside. I looked toward the door and saw the towel that plugged it sono smoke would get out in the hall. On the dresser I saw what I think theycalled a steam roller. The most horrid device that I had ever used. I loo kedat the cylindrical tube, that once used to be a transparent red but nowhad become a straight maroon from all the smoke which stained the plastic,and noticed its simplicity. It looks like nothing more than a plastic pipethat was only about one and a half inches in diameter and only about sixinches long. The bowl which rested on top could have been easily assembledat a computer hardware store. It amazes me how something could be so simple butstill so destructive. One of the people in the room slowly approached meas the effects of his artificial cheer wore away. His trembling handssomehow managed to embrace me by my intellect and lay me to rest upon his lowerlip. Before his upper lip came to rest upon the top of my head I openedmy eyes and peered into his mouth using what little light I had. In allmy like I had never thought I would again see what I had saw for thosefew seconds. His tongue was stained black. It was not totally black asif it was coated with tar but it had a slight tint on both the sides, almostpurple. Just as I started to realize what I was seeing and what was goingon I entangle his top lip seal my freedom away.

Dignity is Common Knowledge :: essays research papers

DignityDignity is not something that you find within everyone, it is a question of philosophy. Some say it is human nature to be undignified and it must be taught by parents or teachers. Others think that we are all born(p) with the knowledge of proper behavior, and it is the law which makes some people make a motion undignified. I myself believe that we are all born with a common knowledge astir(predicate) how to act around others, and we choose whether or not to abide by that sense. There are benefits of learning to behave tastefully within the public?s eye and disadvantages if we choose to not behave respectfully.We are all born with a sense of dignity, and as we grow octogenarianer our action bring us gain or lose to that dignity and what others see within us. Human dignity is a sense of how we respect others and how respect ourselves. If you mistreat people and limn no respect towards them, they will see you as a person with a belittled sense of dignity. If you treat peopl e with the respect they deserve and act with a tasteful manner towards them, they will see you as a person with a high sense of dignity. When others see you as someone with low dignity, you are out casted. It is easy to dislike someone who is disrespectful, and who reacts without thinking. Not learning to act properly at a young age affects you as you get along older. At a younger age it can be passed up as acting up and not knowing what you are doing. But with age, a more tasteful behavior will be needed. Without such behavior, it would be hard to keep a job which interacts with others, and it would be hard to find lifelong friends that would respect you as you are.When others see you as someone with high dignity, you are more likely to be accepted by others. Just like the old saying ?Treat others, like you wish to be treated?. If you act respectful towards others, they should treat the same. You must treat people as more hence just objects, if you are respectful you would look them and the eye and see them as your equal. Learning to act respectfully is easy, simply think before you react. Think, would you say that to yourself, or would you do the following act to yourself.

Dignity is Common Knowledge :: essays research papers

DignityDignity is non something that you find within everyone, it is a question of philosophy. Some secern it is human nature to be undignified and it must be taught by parents or teachers. Others think that we are all born with the knowledge of proper demeanour, and it is the honor which makes some people figure undignified. I myself believe that we are all born with a common knowledge about how to act around others, and we lease whether or not to abide by that sense. There are benefits of learning to behave tastefully within the public?s eye and disadvantages if we choose to not behave deferentially.We are all born with a sense of dignity, and as we grow older our action bring us gain or brook to that dignity and what others mark off within us. Human dignity is a sense of how we respect others and how respect ourselves. If you mistreat people and show no respect towards them, they leave behind see you as a person with a low sense of dignity. If you treat people with the r espect they deserve and act with a tasteful musical mode towards them, they will see you as a person with a high sense of dignity. When others see you as someone with low dignity, you are out casted. It is unclouded to dis standardized someone who is disrespectful, and who reacts without thinking. Not learning to act properly at a young age affects you as you get older. At a younger age it can be passed up as acting up and not knowing what you are doing. But with age, a more tasteful behavior will be needed. Without such behavior, it would be hard to keep a job which interacts with others, and it would be hard to find lifelong friends that would respect you as you are.When others see you as someone with high dignity, you are more likely to be accepted by others. Just like the old saying ?Treat others, like you wish to be treated?. If you act respectful towards others, they should treat the same. You must treat people as more then just objects, if you are respectful you would loo k them and the eye and see them as your equal. Learning to act respectfully is easy, simply think before you react. Think, would you say that to yourself, or would you do the following act to yourself.

Newspapers

News base Newspapers have become an important accessory of the breakfast table. Today the important of the intelligence activitypapers has increased three fold. stock-still with the advent of computer and modern technology, the important of newspapers has not in the least diminished. Newspapers not only give us some sort of work, punctuating every imbibe of the tea that we take, but also some sort of diversion from eating. In fact, there are some people who would forego there breakfast instead than miss reading the newspaper.Newspapers give us information about the knowledge domain around us. Newspapers really help a man to explore around the world. The newspaper has a very important role to play in national and international politics too. Sometime a newspaper can sway the thoughts and pictures, which is the opinion of the newspaper that that they read. People in todays world do not have time, so do not go very qabalistic about the life for them, so they are dependent upon th e newspapers.Newspaper also develop a cosmopolitan outlook because by reading newspaper we can no longer think of our own town or our country, rather we think of the world as a whole. The problems of the world are the problems of human being on the whole. As a result people develop a better outlook. Newspapers provide some material for every type of interest. They give us stories, essays, crossword puzzle puzzles, the sports and the experts comments on certain affairs of national and international importance. Some pages are meant for women and children.It is not possible to get a so untold of intellectual enjoyment by reading any other thing except newspaper. Newspapers also give us information about various things with advertisement. They can help the advertisers about the new goods. Some one said News stands for North, east, west and south which is accumulated in a single paper so called newspaper. This contents the vast amount of knowledge of all sides of the world. Newspaper has become the source of getting all the fresh news. We have been observing that the world s growing rapidly taking the technology besides it.Now with the enhancement of the modern technology, internet has become the major source of getting daily news but also the existence of the newspaper is there in this world. It is obvious the daily newspaper has already put an effect to us as our costume to read a newspaper daily with a sip of tea. At last, Newspapers provide wholesome information about intellectual, trade and employment opportunities. It is through newspaper, some a time lost things are found. Newspapers make democracy workable and put an effective check upon the people and power. Newspapers help develop various faculties.

Security and Mission Statement

Chapter 2 Due date 20 March 2012 1. What is committee disceptation? Why is it important? What does it contain? Mission statement is a sentence that describes your organizations functions, markets, products/services and advantages. Mission statement elucidates your credit line, your goals and your objectives. It is used as a constant reminder of why the company exists. Organizations run for to forget about the purpose of their caper after some time. Mission statement is important because it is used as a reminder of why the business exists.Read thisChapter 2 Why Security is NeededIt directs organizations to the initial course of their business as for many companies when the business is growing they tend to get lost and charter something totally different from their business. Mission statement reflects every feature of your business. The type of product or service you offer, market position, quality of product or service, customers and more. Eg) Mission for McDonalds is to be the ir customers favourite place to be and way to eat. McD exist because of their customers thats why they demonstrate appreciation by providing them with quality and a fair service in a clean, welcoming environment at a great value. . What is the primary objective of the secSDLC? What argon its major steps, and what are the major objectives of all(prenominal)? secSDLC is a formal approach to solving problem using a structured sequence of procedures to create inclusive security posture. Investigation Management apply directions by specifying the goals, processes and the expected outcomes of the project and the costs of the project. At the end of that phase you must have a feasibility study document. Analysis The analysis in the secSDLC is when project manager or the team analys the existing security policies, identifying current threats nd attacks and also Identifying, assessing and evaluating level of risk within the organizations security. Logical Design This make up is when secur ity blue print is developed and created and the feasibility study is also developed. Physical Design This phase is when the existing bodily technology is evaluated and the new physical technology is evaluated also. Alternative solutions are generated and a final design is agreed upon. Implementation This stage is when the security solutions are tested and implemented and tested. Personnel issues are evaluated and training is provided.Security solution are then packaged and sent to management for approval. Maintenance After the Information security solutions are implemented they need to be continually tested, monitored and properly managed by means of established procedures. 3. What suspicion may be asked to help identify and classify information pluss? Which is the some useful question in the list? Which information addition is most(prenominal) critical to the success of the organization? Which information asset generates the most revenue? Which information asset generates the most profitability? Which information asset would be the most expensive to replace? Which information asset would be the most expensive to protect? Which information asset would be most embarrassing or cause the greatest liability if revealed? The most useful question in the list is which information asset is most critical to the success of the organization? This question reflects to the mission statement of the organization. By saying the most critical asset to the success of the organization meaning if that asset breaks or it becomes absent the business stops.Eg) For a retail company say for arguments sake we have the till points, HR department, Accounts, Stalk and so forth The till points are the most critical part of the organization because if the system is down and the tills are not working it means that there is not business for that company for that day until they fix the problem. 4. What term is used to describe the control measure that reduces security incidents amongst me mber of organization by familiarizing them with relevant policies and practises in an ongoing manner? SETA Program .

Example of Interpersonal Communication

Concept Application Paper Aside from food, water, oxygen and other practical needs, confabulation with the good deal around us has proven to be essential for our own well-being. The different cases and styles of communication allow ourselves the opportunity to create and build relationships with the community around us. It is excessively the basis on how we define ourselves through self-image and self-esteem. Through genial, inflated, and deflated comparison we shape ourselves into the image in which we feel would satisfy the people around us how we think others want to propose us.In more cases it is a negative thing as the true soul inside a person is publicly withal ashamed or scared to reveal themselves to the public. We then force ourselves to shape into an image we feel will please the people around us. Evolved from our life experiences, we train an imaginary guideline in our mind for people to be considered normal based on our perception of how edict should be obligat e. We automatically isolate anyone who deviates from these guidelines they might involve a person from a different culture or someone who simply wants to express themself.It was our responsibility to investigate how society reacts to an ad soundment in the social norm. In this experiment I wore a tank top, board-shorts, and flip-flops in which I enacted in unordinary verbal and non-verbal communication with the people around me. As a staminate in the American culture, I dress myself according to what I suppose is trendy in my sub-culture. By observing a persons patterns in the way they dress and how they act, it is possible to discover a persons personality. An identity element is created through our manners, appearance, and the environment we associate ourselves around.We pick and choose how we want others to see us in different situations, so of course no one would ever think of dressing out of their usual pattern for no observable reason. However, the purpose of the experimen t is not to continue to carry on with daily procedures, but to deviate and record reactions and changes in behavior of bystanders. I devised a possible action that I would be able to observe two sets of reactions, one from the people whom I share relationships with and random students whom I have never met before.People who have companionship about my existence would be able to detect a change in behavior while a stranger would near consider their gather simply as something out of the ordinary. I chose to wear clothing not typically suited for the weather Corvallis was reaching mid 40os and I had decided to be dressed in clothes one would wear to the beach. I felt this was an appropriate change in behavior because it would not be following the usual guidelines of the social norm. Everyone had one or two jackets and long pants, setting the basic social code to follow.However, since I was not abiding to this system, I was considered an castaway or placed in an out-group of the cu rrent social culture. Even if I were not doing an experiment and intentionally dressing this specific way, I would be relaying non-verbal codes to whoever adage me which in their opinion would be interpreted much different than what I whitethorn have meant them to be. It would all be a matter of opinion or relational communication between me and the people in the environment. The channels of communication would be through non-verbal/ non-vocal communication.Other channels would be invalid because I would not be communicating through other means including spoken or written words. However, fewer available channels did not result in any slight interaction. In the experiment, it was interesting as the deviation from the social norm sparked two reactions in people whom either allowed this contact to prohibit them from verbally communicating with me or on the contrary, the change actually was a catalyst and started verbal communication as the main topic of discussion.This occurred in bot h groups of people whom I was acquaintances with and people I did not know. A friend who had happened to see me first as I left my room was slightly shocked and warned me about the weather. Although their tone wasnt hostile, more trying to help, the message that I interpreted was If youre not going to change clothes youre going to look really spiritual wearing that type of clothing and secondly, youll be cold for the rest of the time until you decide to change your mind. My reaction to this conversation was close to emotionless because I would have reacted the same and produced similar responses because we interpret any change in behavior as not normal. Walking to a dining hall outside in public, my first observation was receiving numerous stares from the people passing me. Through my analysis this was a form of intrapersonal communication because I decoded their body language with a certain meaning and message.By simple gestures of staring and changes in body language, it encoded a message of out casting to the receiver solely based on the type of clothing I wore. I am thankful that I was not dramatically influenced by any of the responses and reactions I observed between my friends and the public. My analysis is these responses were forms of communication which easily could have been affected by culture and perception. Peoples different interpretations would eventually lead to the shaping and defining of ones identity through their behavior and appearance based on how they want others to see themselves.Although it apparent that media has a large influence on choosing how we present our public self, it may seem that the people around us also have a large influence as well. They might include significant others or just ordinary people whom we compare ourselves to in social comparison. This experiment was a great understanding of how some people automatically separate someone just by expressing themselves. Society defines certain things such as fashion or beha vior attached with the message, follow the same guidelines or beware of being order in an out-group. Majority of people will be high-self monitors and follow the norm. Personally, I feel I am this way because of the need to feel belonging to a particular group or something. I learned that it is much harder to express one-self based on our own intuition of being judged for what we do. By investigating how society reacted to an adjustment in the social norm, it was evident when I wore different clothing the results when engaged were rather un-warming incidents of unordinary verbal and non-verbal communication.

Career development as a chef Essay

professional development is the acquisition of knowledge and skills for c argoner advancement. It encap qualifieds an individual to acquire in the flesh(predicate) development which is essential for bettor job performance. It volition entail utilizing various learning opportunities which ranges from acquiring a college degree and new(prenominal) formal coursework relevant for doing exemplary good in the hotel and touristry industry. There argon many approaches undertaken in enhancing c argoner development. They include lesson study, mentoring and getting advises from members of supply who have worked and are friendshipd in the industry. One whitethorn also get career development through active consultation, coaching, and undertaking lesson study from a learning institution. Technical skills volition be developed through good assistance and reflective supervision.In his book on leadership skills in the tourism and service industry Rogers (2008) asserts that hotel and touri sm just like other careers should oblige in professional development. Individuals working(a) in these industries should participate in professional development to serve their interest in the life persistent learning. This will lay down a high sense of moral obligation that brings along professional competence among the employees and other members of staff in tourism and hotel industry. public life and professional development will enable institutional members in enhancing career progression, to comply with the existing and changing regulations and to keep the presidency updated with the new technology and practices that is inevitable for the long-term survival of the composition.Career development will possibly include informal and formal types of vocational education and look ating. This is in the form of post secondary and poly-technical training which leads to academic qualification or credential that are required to get or retain an employment in case the mortal being ness trained had secured an employment in an organization. Technical and professional development may be obtained in the form of pre-service or in the in-service professional development programs. These kinds of programs are usually formal, informal they may be conducted at a group aim or individualized to grammatical case a person professional requirement of the skills needed in his job. This mover that in an organization an individual may pursue professional development independently or the human resource department may undertake the project of developing skills of individuals in the attach to. When professional development is done on the job by the human resource department it will enhance leadership skills which are necessary for undertaking the authority of decision making in the organization. For an individual to have proper leadership abilities it means that he has to acquire high analytic and conceptual skills, this is only possible through academic training (Rogers 2 008) fielding as a chef needs one to be highly skilled and being adept in all facets of nutrient preparation. The role of a chef means that the person carries the responsibility of all kitchen activity. This kind of work includes plating design, making orders and purchases of catalogue to be used in nutrition preparation and other relevant kitchen work, management of kitchen staff and preparation of menu. It is this menu that gives customers illustrations on food prices and how to budget their immediate payment and spending in a hotel. Therefore, the tasks and personal decisions undertaken by a chef has a direct impact to the customers indeed he is of great value to the organization. When one is positive as a head chef he is given a task of making larger executive decisions which include giving the direction of menu and having last authority in the staff management decisions. This position is usually present in places where there are multiple restaurants.For a person to succe ed in the hotel industry as a chef he has to sustain notable skills. These skills must be learnt either formally or informally to enhance career development. For slip a great chef must be creative and should al looks be trying something new in the market and in the industry. His creative thinking should inspire food presentation which is a very great aspect to the boilers suit dining experience. He should have a tremendous passion for beverages, food and cooking. He should honor the process of selecting foods, creating menus and preparing meal for his customers. In addition to the above qualities he should have a keen business sense and should run the kitchen in a way to produce food which is of high quality but at cost effective means as well as enabling efficiency in the process of food production.In his book Florian D, (1992) a chef should pay close attention to cooking and food service detail. This is because cooking is a science and because each ingredient used in the proc ess has a veritable role that a chef should be continually aware of. He should understand his role in food preparation team, hence engaging in active teamwork to look into that organizational goals are achieved. He should work harmoniously to ensure that the family produces quality foods. In ensuring proper service delivery, a chef should work well with members of staff and management. He should practice his skills a address as preparing food requires a high level of expertise. Therefore, a chef should never stop perfecting his or her cooking techniques.Career development as a chef will improve a persons business leader to multitask and handling perfectly many tasks at once. One should be responsible for all elements relating to a meal and ensuring that everything is completed at the unspoilt time. He should also avoid customer delay making sure they are served at the right time. It is this proper customer service that guarantees a go with survival and increases the level of its competitiveness in the extensive industry. A successful chef should always be committed to preparing a high quality meal for his customers. He should do so by seeking the right and the finest ingredients and use the best proven techniques in delivering the best product at cost effective method.Professional development will increase the chef ability to think and deal timely decisions when his community meets a challenge. Food preparation industry needs proper time and hence a chef should possess proper analytical and conceptual skills that increase his ability to guess decisions and solve problems immediately they arise. A firm that is able to make decision quick and on a timely basis will be able to keep customers satisfied and operations will be able to flow smoothly Carnoll (2010). A great chef should be able to handle criticism from customers and hence ensuring proper customer relationship between the alliance and its see customers who constitute his market this will have a long term benefit when the company market share increases. Not everyone will like what a chef prepares therefore a great chef should take criticisms positively.In outsourcing for the right employees in a tourism and hotel industries most companies will put into consideration the possible qualities of an individual. They will probably analyze his strengths and weaknesses then from the analysis the key skills will be identified. If the strengths exceed the weaknesses with a considerable margin then this person will be hired to work in the organization. Companies will undertake an accurate review of the possible qualities of an individual based on personal attributes such as personality, value and motivations. A persons behavior in the organization will also be greatly influenced by his emotional intelligence, his leadership skills, charismatic power, and ability to influence other members of staff in pursuing organizational goals and objectives.Personality can be defined as the inherent individual behavior that a person falls back to when all other forces of the outside world are accounted for or when under pressure from the external forces. It is the organized developed schema within an individual that represents the collective action of a persons psychological subsystems which go hand in hand to describe an individual personal trait. In his book personality psychology Cervone and Pervin (2014) he describes personality as a five factor model. This model describes and provides a great overview of personality and how it should tie with the work environment. A person with a positive personality is described as having ability to bring success to the company out of his individual behavior. He is portrayed with great respect among other members of staff and he is capable of ensuring success to the organization when customers flock the company out of his good reputation. A chef should therefore be of good personality to achieve the hotel and tourism objective s.For an individual to improve his personality attributes he should possess the following qualities. He should be open to experience and learn new and emerging issues necessary for improving his skills and expertise. Openness to experience means that an individual is highly interested and flexible in experiencing new things. Work environment is highly dynamic and hence members of staff should adopt this kind of personality so that positive changes being desired by the organization are quickly integrated. A chef who aims at maximizing his service in the industry should not be inexorable to changes as this can easily make the company to lag behind when customers view the run as being old fashioned and out of date. Most of the individuals are more close minded and rigid to organization changes and in how they approach new experiences therefore, it is the work of management to ensure that this kind of rigidity is discouraged amongst its workers through behavior changes and sometimes motivation speeches.painstakingness is another personality attribute a person should possess in order to become successful in his career. A person who is high in conscientiousness will tend to be diligent and dutiful according to the way he approaches his work and life matters. Therefore for one to become a great chef and ensure success in the hotel industry a person should be able to possess this kind of personality. The individual will be able to plan his work early in advance and work towards achieving the set individual and organizational objectives. Diligence calls for individual discipline in how a person plans his work and the way he undertakes tasks to accomplish a certain goal.Florian. D (1992) for a chef to be successful in his career he should possess a personality trait of extraversion. This is a highly recognizable personality trait as it can easily be felt and seen by those who have a close interaction with the chef. A chef should be able to interact with other members of staff in the kitchen department so as to ensure that the right food is prepared and served. He should contribute his ideas and views on proper methods of food preparation. With this kind of an approach they will be able to work together to achieve the organization goal and hence adding value to the company. Value addition is seen when the hotel revenues increases and the profits retained are re invested in the company this is only possible when chefs just as other members of staff work towards achieving organizational goals. A person with an introversion personality trait is unable to interact with co workers and hence making it serious for the company to achieve both its short term and long term goals. An introvert will tend to draw energy from reflection and will favour working on his own or in small groups. For a chef who wants to succeed in his career introversion will automatically lead to affliction as this kind of an occupation calls for teamwork.A successful chef shou ld possess a high level of agreeableness. This personality trait aims at ensuring the level of friendliness and disgust that an individual member vaunt when interacting with others. A person considered to have high level of agreeableness is perceived to be more trustworthy and those with a start level of agreeableness are perceived as more oppositional and more suspicious. Therefore, a chef should possess a personality trait in agreeableness. This will make it easy to work in a group and in a team since he can easily be trusted hence making teamwork easy. It is as result that decision making process will be promptened making service delivery easy and more timely. A company with proper service delivery will be rated as a successful company hence succeeding in its bid to attract more customers and markets.A chef should also possess a low personality trait of psychoneuroticism. This means that he is able to control his emotion. A person who is highly neurotic will tend to be less stable. He get angry quickly thus demonstrating negative emotions which are not desirable for an organization environment. A person who shows emotional stability is regarded as being pleasant and resistant to stress. A chef who possesses such positive traits will not get angered quickly if criticized in his tasks. He will be able to rectify errors, omission and mistakes committed in his work. By doing this an organization is guaranteed of success since high quality services can easily be offered. The members of staff will be able to learn their mistakes and rectify them for the advantage of the company.To ensure proper service delivery a chef should understand the personality traits of individual co workers as this is very critical to the success of the organization. Personality is a key driver of individual behavior. Therefore, it calls for the members of staff and the overall company to consider this critical aspect that is very important in the success of any organization. An ind ividual personality trait should be modeled to suit organizational needs to ensure long term success of the company.Jackson (2002) an individual values and motivators will have a big impact on his performance in the company and in the overall hotel and tourism industry. A person attitude is his or her prospective in performing a certain task. Simply it aims at answering what is the motivating factor behind a person in pursuit of the organization goals? A strong attitude of effect brings a positive effect and success to the organization unlike a weak attitude which discourages goal attainment. Pervin (2014) a persons attitude has a close impact on the personality of an individual although it varies from one person to another. For a chef to remain outstanding in performance he should therefore posses a strong attitude and a great determination for success in relation to his work place or in the company he is working for. It is by possessing this trait that he will be able to generate good outcome.According to Mc Cleland D.C (1951) an employee who would like to succeed in his position in a tourism and hotel industry should possess general creativity ability. This means that person is able to use his analytical and conceptual skills in making fast and efficient decisions necessary to solve a problem as early as it occurs and with the immediate effect it so desires. A chef will require creativity in drawing fast hand solutions for the challenges his organization is faced to. He should be able to influence people positively. This includes both members of staff and customers. It is by doing this that the company is able to retain its existing customers and attracting other customers in a bid to enlarging the companies available market. He should be able to make decisions faster coupled with advice from other members of the organization. Quick decision making is necessary for ensuring positive service delivery in the hotel industry.In his book on hotel management Rog ers (2007) pointed out that a chef should be highly equipped with relevant knowledge pertaining to the tasks under him or he is obligated to do. He should restrain from undertaking technical duties which he is not relevant with. He should ensure moral fulfillment amongst his co workers and partners in the industry that he works in. Moral fulfillment is directly related to motivation. Therefore members of staff who are highly motivated will work hard in ensuring that organization objectives are met and ensure that they are achieved on a timely basis. A chef should maintain a high level of intellectual status and ability to think and making wise decisions when required to do so. Everything a chef sets to do should ensure motivation to his co workers hence making them to invest more efforts in attaining the organizational goals.A successful chef should portray positive emotional intelligence and hence ability to control his emotions regarding his job and service delivery. Emotional int elligence is that individual ability to control, perceive and evaluate emotions when they arise .According to Robbins et al (2008) emotions and moods are dominant factors which employees experiences. Emotions are described as intense feelings directed at someone while moods just as emotions are feelings which are not so intense liquid directed to someone. Having positive emotion and mood means that the chef will work efficiently with others, and will not be quick anger or over-react in the event of provocation. To prevent negative moods and emotions a chef should avoid being stressed, prevent social activities that affect his individual behavior negatively. He should exercise a lot during his free time to reduce the level of accumulated stress during the day time when at work. According to McGrogan (2007) a persons level of productivity should be great during the daytime since it is at this time that he will be able to focus and concentrate. This is unlike during the night when m any people are exhausted hence a chef should display this character.Florian (1992) asserts that a great chef should possess proper leadership skills in ensuring that the process of service delivery is accurately undertaken. He should be able to control and govern his subordinates and guide them towards the process of attaining the objectives and the goals of the organization. Acting as a chief chef he has a role of guiding the athletic supporter chefs in service delivery. He should have charisma and should have a proper vision and risk taking qualities that are necessary in ensuring investments in the tourism and hotel industry he works for. A successful chef may be required to work in a leadership position. At this level he has the responsibility to represent the subordinates in decision making process. He needs to be a visionary leader who thinks about the future and relations with tough issues that directly affect the organizations activities. To have the following attributes a nd leadership skills a chef should be of high integrity with ability to be trusted Carnoll (2010). He should show a high level of competence in the tasks he undertakes similarly to the tasks he delegates among the subordinates. He should be loyal, consistent and open to the executives above him in the organization hierarchy. It is this commitment in work that ensures overall success of the companys activities. He should be able to act as liaison, conflict manager, and ability to train and develop skills as well as trouble shooting any event that may befall a company.A successful chef, Rogers (2007) argued that he should possess exemplary ability to influence other positively making them to work as he desires and for the advantage of the company he is working for. He should display personal power in his task of service delivery as this relates to being unique in how he serves his market and customers. Expert and referent factors are also important in his work since he should show his expertise as a chef and how he can use that skill to achieve the long term goal of bringing success to the company he should try to eliminate work politics as this will lead to increased stress, trim down performance in service delivery and job dissatisfaction. All this brings poor performance to the tourism industry in its pursuit to achieve better productivity and revenue generation.ConclusionFor a chef to ensure success in his work of service delivery in the hotel industry he should try hard to prohibit organizational politics to increase productivity of the organization objectives. Organizational politics have been observed to bring enemity among workmates. This is very dangerous as it limits teamwork, which is very necessary in attaining organizational goals.ReferencesCarroll, C. M. (2010). Tasting success Your guide to becoming a professional chef. Hoboken, NJ Wiley.Cervone, D., & Pervin, L. A. (2014). Personality psychology. Singapore Wiley.Grogan-Kaylor, A., Ruffolo, M. C ., Ortega, R. M., & Clarke, J. (January 01, 2008). Behaviors of the individuals in an organization setting.Individual behavior, 32, 1, 35-49.Jackson, B. (2002). Organization behaviour. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia friendly Books Centre.McClelland, D. C. (1951). Personality. parvenu York Sloane.Robbins, S. P. (2000). Organizational Behaviour. Upper Saddle River, N.J Prentice Hall.Robbins, S. P., Campbell, T. T., & Judge, T. A. (2010). Organizational behaviour. Harlow u.a. Financial Times/Prentice Hall.Rogers, C. (2008). Leadership skills in the tourism and service industry. Oxford Oxford University Press.Florian, D. (1992). A chef. New York Greenwillow Books.Source document

The Breakfast Club

The Breakfast Club This paper is an analysis of five dissimilar teenagers representing a cross-section of middle class high develop students in the suburbs. The students meet severally new(prenominal) for the first time during a Saturday morning detention session. Each student arrived to the check by different means, which is a forerunner to determining the type of individual each one is. The theme is comprised of a princess, an athlete, a brain, a evil, and a basket exemplar. These ar the roles the students play during the week.Beca usage of typical stereotypes and status levels, at the onset, the students dont want any(prenominal)thing to do each other at the beginning of the detention session. However, erst temporary hookup confronted by the controlling principal and realizing they reach a whole day to spend together, the students begin to interact. Once the students start communicating with each other, they realize that they are more alike than unlike. Each one of the m has their own issues they are dealing with, they each long for self-acceptance they each(prenominal) fight against look pressure they all proneness parental approval.Eventually through the course of the day, they break through the barriers and begin to understand each other and accept each other as hearty as themselves. The students eventually develop a grouping identity and call themselves, The Breakfast Club. Claire is the princess an upper-class, favourite prom queen who was punished with detention after she ditched classes to go shopping. She enjoys her wealth, but this causes others to envy her. She is a bit shy and doesnt easily reveal in word formation about herself.She is very insecure with herself because she is not very suffer and isnt athletically inclined which is why she wants to be a part of the in crowd at school. She feels neglected by her parents and is yearning for attention from them. She was driven to school for the detention session in a BMW by her gr ow. As he dropped her off he explained to her that this is a strict punishment and perhaps she shouldnt jump off school to go shopping. breaking ball the bad boy on the other hand, is a lower-class young man who is perceived to be a ociopathic criminal he is desperate for attention at school. This may be collect to a lack of attention at home or perhaps abuse. Because of his refractory nature, bend finds himself in detention more often than not. breaking ball wanders up to the school by his own free will. His parents are not shown at all during the film. Andrew the jock is a regimented and determined wrestler who wants break free from the athlete role in clubhouse to think for himself. His father demands that he succeeds athletically as he doesnt tolerate losing, he requires Andrew to be No. in his athletic endeavors. His father doesnt care what Andrew wants in liveliness, he just wants him to net all of his wrestling matches. Andrew was dropped off to the school by his fat her who was chastising him before dropping him off and explaining that he could potentially lose his athletic scholarship due to his demeanor. Brian the nerd is a straight A student who struggles with expectations of high ranges. His parents capturem to push him to do very rise in school. However, he doesnt have any confidence in himself and relies upon his success in school to motivate him.His self confidence was crushed when he received a failing grade in shop class. He was sent to detention because a teacher imbed a gun in his locker which he was going to use to kill himself however, it wouldnt have worked because it was a flare gun. Brian was dropped off to the school by one of his parents and his younger sister. He was told to get his homework done objet dart in detention. Lastly, Allison the kook is an introvert who is ignored by her peers. She is a very quiet girl hardly ever speaking, which makes it difficult for people to understand her.When she does speak, she ordi narily does so in self defense. She longs for attention, in order to receive it she acts like a mentally unst satisfactory individual. She suffers from boredom and is very reserved. She shocked the group when she emptied her handbag which held nothing but useless items in an attempt to gain attention from the others at the beginning of the detention session. Allison was dropped off to the school, but you cant verbalize by who as the person drives off before any words are exchanged. She states that she did nothing wrong to get sent to detention.She displays very peculiar behavior during the detention session. At the onset of the detention session, each students status is conveyed by their existing peer social status in school. They form bonds, with whom they feel most comfortable with, for example, Claire and Andrew immediately sit down next to each other and begin exchanging conversation about the friends they have in general within the popular crowd that they are a part of. Bri an is next in line in the school social status scene because of his news but he is still considered to be a geek by his peers.In contrast, Allison and Bender are at the bottom of the school social scene. As the morning detention session progresses, each member of the group surrenders their previous roles as they assume new positions within the group. Bender, who usually has a low-status position, assumes a leaders role because of his expertise with detention. He is on a first name basis with the janitor and Mr. Vernon, the principal. Mr. Vernon displays a tough outer shell but seems to fear Bender. Bender is carryly the dominating force in the group.His rebellious personality is displayed when he breaks the established rules and moves from his seat after being told not to. He also rupture up a library book and removed a screw from one of the library doors so it couldnt stay open in order for Mr. Vernon to keep an eye on them. When Mr. Vernon questioned the group as to why the door is closed and wouldnt stay open the group covered up for him. This behavior clearly displays Benders disregard for authority. Instead of being condemned by his peers, Benders questions and actions are valued within the group.He leaves the session with a new found respect for his new friends as well as an attraction to Claire whom he had constantly made fun of for being a snot throughout the detention session. He also dropped the tough guy persona and accepted himself as someone who was good in his own way. Claire and Andrew also go against their normal high school behaviors during the session. Andrew no longer appears to play the macho athlete role and actually cries in front of the others as he describes how his father has pressured him to be someone he doesnt want to be.He expressed how at times he wished for his knee to give out so he wouldnt be able to wrestle anymore. He finally comes to realize that he doesnt need to be the man his father expects him to be and that his life is his own to determine and not what his father desires. It is clear that he that he has broken from the grips of his father when he leaves the detention session partnered with Allison. Allison seems to be the epitome of insubordination towards his fathers law to stay on course and choosing his own path from now on.Claire appears to be very conceited and often asks the group Do you know how popular I am? Everyone at this school loves me. Looking at her from the others perspective, she appears to be very self-centered and more important than the others. Although Claire leads the group to believe she had been sexually industrious due to peer pressure, she ultimately admitted to the group that she is still a virgin. Allison actually tricked her by lying and being deviant, having Claire to admit she was a virgin.Allison then expressed to the group that being sexually active is actually a double edged sword in their social setting because if a girl admits to being sexually active, she is considered to be a slut while if she denies being sexually active she is considered a prude. Her observation demonstrates she isnt exactly who the group perceives her to be. Eventually the group allows Claire to see that there is much more to life than being popular in school. On the surface, Brian appears to be submissive however, the traditional geek ends up asking forward questions and seems to become more secure than his new-found friends.Throughout the session, Brian seems to follow along with whatever his peers are doing while at the same time reminding them that there isnt mantic to be any monkey business. He actually goes against his normal behavior and along with Andrew and Claire par pledges in smoking marijuana with Bender. The group views Brian as their most keen member and therefore, they encourage him to write their required 1000 word detention essays. This opportunity allows him to have a bit of power within the group.Through the peer discussions, it becomes a pparent that Brian and his parents have required him take on more than he can handle which drove him to his breaking point. Through the relationship with his newfound friends, Brian is able to release the load and the perception of himself being an academic over achiever. He leaves much more confident than when he came and is determined to let go of his late(prenominal) failure. Allison is very quiet during the detention session her mode of communication was squealing for the first half of the session. The others see her as an outcast and her strange behavior while at detention confirms their perception.During lunch, she takes a sandwich out of her bag, removes the meat, and puts cereal and sugar in its place. She appears to be satisfied with the lunch that the others find disturbing. Until this point, the other students had barely notice her presence in the room. She continues performing random acts throughout the movie. It is clear that she craves attention both positive and neg ative and this is her way of obtaining it. While speaking to Andrew, she confides that the attention that she receives at school is much more than she will ever receive at home.She finds her life at home unsatisfying and expresses that her parents dont give her any attention. Allisons parents consider her an outcast. She leaves the school well respected by Andrew who seems to have developed a liking to her. She realizes that she should be respected by all as long as she acts as though she wanted the respect she deserved. The janitor Carl is the eyes and ears of the school. He seems to know the students at the school very well and tells Mr. Vernon Someday, these kids are gonna take care of me, Mr. Vernon told him dont count on it. It appears as though Carl previously attended the school. He shows much respect to the students and seems to be able to extend to to them and their issues. Mr. Vernon is the school principal who dislikes Bender because he doesnt have any respect for author ity. He is very uptight and tries to get the students in trouble. It appears from his behavior that he thrives in his position of power one may safely assume that when he was the age of the students, he probably wasnt popular or well liked by his peers. Carl caught Vernon reading the private school files he then blackmails him to keep quiet.He eventually bonded with Carl and declares that he has various fears about the current generation. The group went through the predictable developmental stages including forming, storming, norming and performing phases. The group was formed because each of the students broke a school rule. While in this stage, the students are becoming oriented with each other and uplifting more about the group. The rules and procedures are being established. During the storming stage, conflicts begin to arise and social tension is apparent. For example, Claire expressed that she doesnt belong here. Bender continuously antagonizes Claire. Bender and Andrew have shouting matches almost bringing them to blows. Also, Allison had a strange outburst during Claires disclosure about her parents. The principle tries to set clear expectations and norms by telling the students that there is to be no moving, no talking, and no monkey business while in detention. However, in his attempt to establish the norms the results go up to be unsuccessful because the group does not agree to Mr. Vernons rules. Instead, the students become quite rebellious and show disrespect for authority.Most of this behavior is exhibited by Bender who uses his status, power, and leadership within the group. In regards to performing, the group eventually accomplishes its task which was to write the 1000 word essay with Brian as the leader of this undertaking. The group also achieves other goals such as killing eight hours of detention while remaining free of boredom. They learned about each other and experienced and new found respect for through self-disclosures. They also reb elled against the established norms with each other.By the end of the day, they had established their own cohesive group and learned to look past their stereotypes of each other. However, they question whether or not they will remain as friends come Monday morning. I believe that this movie is a true depiction of high school life in the suburbs, as each group of students has stereotypes about the other groups amongst their peers. It is up to us the individuals to break down the barriers that prevent us from appreciating each others qualities and learn not to criticize and/or condemn our peers.

Comparative Employee Relations Essay

Employees transaction is those policies and daily practices that are concerned with the regulation and focusing of individual and team dealinghips within the organization. Essenti altogethery, employee dealings are apprisetered on the ability to resolve and prevent conflicts that involve either an individual or the teams in the organization which directly affect work situations and performance. Efficient parley ensures that information is passed to the employees in order to allow them understand better the companys goals and objectives.Most employee relations managers uphold the responsibility of handling grievances, individual clearon of conduct while in the office, evaluation of employee performance and counselling programs. Sound employee relations are based on participation and effective communication for close to(prenominal) the management and the employees. There are various management styles that cover the way employee relations must be conducted in order to achieve the best from the employees. These management styles are intended to teach employees the following,Applicable regulations and policies Bargaining agreements Grievance and appeal rights Discrimination and protection of whistleblowersEmployee relations have broadened its definition from the initial industrial relations to such aspects as employer-employee relations, personal contracts, workplace environmental safety, and socio-emotional factors. In developed countries, there is a growing trend of harmonization in almost all levels of government mainly because of the government commitment to enhance employee relations programs.Comparison of employee relations in Kenya and the United StatesEmployee relations between unlike countries such as the United States, Japan, Brazil, South Africa, Europe and underdeveloped countries such as Kenya are far much varied because of issues such as economic status, political will, form _or_ system of government creation and implementation, employee li teracy standards, justice systems, type of company and management standardsUnited States and Kenya are two different countries that have different views and perceptions on how they regale employee relations. In some issues however, they agree and others they dont.Similarities Both are members of the International Labour Association They both have federal courts that deal with cases arising from employees Both countries have trade unions that hero sandwich for employee rights They have health and safety assessment policies Both value equal treatment, opportunities and rights for the employees Both countries have created and implemented policies and legal requirements that govern the conduct of both the employer and the employees In both countries workplace malpractices occur Both uphold human rights concerning employees They both have turnover and retention concerns In both workplace harassment is guilty by lawDifferencesIn the U.S, every State i.e. Washington, Texas etc have each Employee Relations informative Organization (ERAO) that is concerned with individual organizations dealing with employee relations1 while in Kenya there is only one central organization that deals with the issues raised by its employees. Also, the U.S has an elaborate system of government that promotes the utilization of its staff members attached to the Employee Relations Advisory Board to monitor employee relations in various companies.In Kenya, the situation is different with no government body that is specifically assigned the duty of overseeing employee relations. In the U.S each organization including institutions have the privilege of getting the services of an employee relations officer but in Kenya, the companies find it difficult and expensive to hire an employee relations manager. The U.S also has well trained personnel that have the human resource skills to handle employee relations issues which Kenya does not. In addition, the U.S have a better economy that can suppor t better pay packages, benefits, compensations and other incentives while in Kenya employers pay poorly thus undermining the morale, motivation and performance of individual employees.Finally, in the U.S, the employees are from different parts of the world speaking different languages and diverse political, social, cultural and religious backgrounds making it difficult and tedious to the companies to ensure smooth harmonization in the company. go in Kenya, only a few internationals work in some companies with the majority being the locals making employee relations very easy to manage terce world countries like Kenya, are not economically capable of handling employee relations effectively. With an unemployment rate of 57%, most employers are arrogant to employees because they know that they can sack one employ another within a very short time frame.Since most companies due to financial weaknesses cannot afford the services of employee relations manager, then the work of handling em ployee issue are either left with the general manager or the human resources manager who have no skills to handle the sector. This will lead to unfair and costly consequences for the company such as failure to understand individual problems which will in turn affect his or her performance. Because of corruption in Kenya, very few cases of employee relations abuse have been so far settled while in the U.S the case is different with to a greater extent significant cases being reported each year.

Musical Hair Critiquing Essay

1) What commemorate are you critiquing?Hair2) Give a brief summary of the story line.Claude Hooper Bukowski, an Oklahoma farm boy, heads to new York City to enter the Army and serve in the Vietnam War. In Central Park, he meets a company of free-spirited hippies led by George Berger, a young man who introduces him to debutante Sheila vocallin when they crash a dinner party at her home. Inevitably, Claude is sent off to recruit training in Nevada, but Berger and his band of wondrous pranksters follow him. Sheila flirts with an off-duty Sergeant in order to steal his uniform, which she gives to Berger. He uses it to extract Claude from the base for a termination meeting with Sheila, taking his place, but composition Claude is away, the unit flies out to Vietnam, taking Berger with them. The film ends with the main cast singing at Bergers grave, followed by scenes of a large anti-war protest outside the sporting House in Washington, DC.3) What did you similar best about this s how?Hair succeeds at all levelsas lowdown fun, as affecting drama, as exhilarating spectacle and as provocative social observation. It achieves its goals by rigorously obeying the rules of mere American musical comedy dialogue, plot, shout and dance blend seamlessly to create a juggernaut of excitement.4) What did you like least about this show?The film omits the songs The Bed, Dead End, Oh Great God of index number, I Believe in Love, Going Down, Air, My Conviction, Abie Baby, Frank Mills, and What a Piece of Work is Man from the musical. Many of the songs have been shortened, sped up, rearranged, or assigned to incompatible characters to allow for the differences in plot.5) Who was the hero/heroine?Claude Hooper Bukowski/ Sheila Franklin.6) Who was the villain?The General.7) Were you able to understand everything? If not what did you understand?A major plot difference between the film and the musical involves a mistake that leads Berger to go to Vietnam in Claudes place, wher e he is killed. The musical focuses on the U.S. peace movement, as well as the love relationships among the Tribe members, while the film focuses on the carefree antics of the hippies. But why not make the film ending a happy one? In that case, the movie will better reflect the aspect of American horticulture Happy Ever After.8) Did you get a chance to listen to the soundtrack?Unfortunately not.9) What was your favorite song?Aquarius.10) Did you think that the actors were well cast?Sure. The cast featured John Savage as Claude Hooper Bukowski, Treat Williams as George Berger and Beverly DAngelo as Sheila Franklin. Williams was nominated for New Star of the Year in a Motion setting Male.11) If you were to remake this show who would you cast in the title roles? Why?If I were to remake the show, I would sill hold the actor and actress as the hero and heroine. The actors are really good-looking, and they can sing and dance well.12) What aspect of American Culture do you see in this show? Nothing ventured nothing gained. Berger is not only at the heart of the hippie Tribe but is assigned some of Claudes conflict involving whether or not to obey the draft. His death led to the large anti-war protest and featured the carefree antics of the hippies.

Case: Supply Chain Management and Application Software Packages

Info from case total r notwithstandingue for snuff it reporting = 110 million cio reviewed 3 following implementation strategies -classic disintermediation removal of intermediaries in a translate chain. connects supplier right away with customers - curative-working to a greater extent closely with ecisting middlemen partners. strategy could be affected by high promise risks. -network-building alliances and partnerships with both existing and new suppliers and distributors involving a complex set of relationships. Networks tended to reduce search costs for obtaining information, products and services. selected remidiation because it outdo fits the firms stopping point of simplifying data sharing passim the supply chain -also had longterm and positive relationship with its primary distributors, which would cleanse the high contracting risk. The firm purchased stock woods from a number of producers and processed them to meet circumstantial customer specifications. Approx. 6 0 percent of woodsynergy sales were in high-end furniture Problems 1 Choice of implementation invention is wrong LONG TERM -CIO chose remediation because it best fit the firms goal of simplifying data sharing throughout the supply chain furthermore, the CIO noted that woodsynergy had a long-term and positive relationship with its primary distributors which would ameliorate the high contracting risk issue -the best way of simplifying data sharing is eliminating any(prenominal) unnecessary companionship that the information needs to travel to. -remove the distributors and engage the customers directly -who are we to decide how your existing distributors will impression after you amend any contracts to include any new information system to the SCM that ultimately creates more overhead for them? the business model of woodsynergy suggests that the firm was committed to delivering information to the cover people at the right time so that strategic and operational decisions were mad e properly and quickly -benefit going national prevented by local distributors if woodsynergy engages their end users directly it will promote better customer relationships as well as open potential national and international markets/ Causes -long-term relationships with distributors -contracts with distributors -CIO decision seems biased Alternatives choose classic intermediation -stay with remediation -choose networking Solution Chose Classic intermediation Removes the middleman The middle man share shift to suppliers, Woodsynergy and to the customer, making the confederation more profitable and increasing the customer loyalty Efficiency instead of suppliers shipping first to the Woodsynergy and so Woodsynergy shipping the products to the customer, supplier can ship straight to the customer Implementation (implanting the plan find the need, split up the program, and implement it and the evaluate it) Business need form investigation System analysis System externalise Profra mming and testing Implementation Operation and mainenance 2 Prototype Built short term problem *** - referable to budget and time constraints the project team chose to build a gateway prototype without addressing problems of haleness and patness with the systems data. The project team decided to improve the data quality at a future sequence customers data needs to be secure. Period. For any duration no matter how short. Two of the key drivers include in gateway design were data standardization and real-time interface -It should be real-time interface and data integrity as aligned with Woodsynergys business goals. -release data standardization at a later time instead of data integrity Causes -budget -time constraint -phase 1 of prototype does not directly correlate to business goals Alternatives -cloud system from 3rd party -key drivers in phase 1 = data integrity and real-time interface/data standardization at future date/release Application packet packages off the shelves. ONE MORE alt Solution Application computer parcel packages off the shelves. oPrewritten, pre-coded application software commercially available for sale oA lot of choices, with rating/reviews from its customers/users oOther companies are already using them oSome software companies even let you try them oQuicker solution, gives the it team to work on the bigger problem or new software oIt may be cheaper than labour and resources spent building prototype that may put companys customers information at risk Implementation . Identify potential vendors 2. Determine the rating criteria a. Functionality of the software b. Cost and financial terms c. Vendors reputation success stories/customer reviews d. System flexibility e. Security f. Required training g. Data handling h. Ease of internet interface i. drug user friendly 3. Evaluate vendors and packages 4. Chose vendor and package 5. Negotiate a contract 6. Implement the software 7. naturalize the staff/users 3 Project Team Questi onable Short term and Long term? *** Causes launched eightfold it found supply chain management initiatives -researched how gateways are used in their business and understand the divergent of technology on the internet in first few weeks this should take a few long time at most -phase 1 of prototype not aligned with business goals decision criteria this is what I count would be the criteria, we can discuss if you have others *** -budget need better coaching on team goal and better planning -increase customer satisfaction -be consistent with corporate agency -Time constraint implement plum quickly -improve profits within acceptable risk parameters Solution BE consistent with corporate mission Implementation Be consistent with corporate mission oTrain and remind them in every morning huddles oBefore implementing the any new plan or developing new software or making the decision to pretermit a new software, correlate it with the business strategy oDelegate effectively to t eam members oHold them accountable stay on top of their performance oGive the team budget quarterly yearly or project based so there will not be any wastages Source /http//plato. acadiau. ca/courses/Busi/IntroBus/CASEMETHOD. html/

An Alternative Theory of Economics Essay

Economics is usually defined as the task of how best to distribute limited resources, limited because wants are characterised as unlimited, but common sense tells us that rather than limited resources, there is an teemingness of resources. The difference is one of perspective and this is core to any alternative understanding of economics. If wants are the focus, then of line resources are limited by definition, but if minimum needs or essentials are used as the foundation, then resources are seen to be abundant.The difference is between a description and an write up. A focus on wants or desires describes a market situation, while a focus on essentials or needs allows an explanation of choices to begin. It is necessary to shift the basis of economic theory away from self-assertions of scarcity and onto that of the reality of high product if a rational explanation is to be found as to why certain activities are economic and others, despite their desirability on social or moral g rounds, are not.This begins with the understanding that an teemingness of resources sum that not all need to work productively and that some use more resources than others. Who shall be the gilded ones and how to keep the unlucky quiet is fundamental to the running of most economies. Abundance is therefore an economic problem because the choices opened up by having more resources than is strictly needed to live presents a danger to those processes of occupation and the command that some have over resources that created the abundance in the first place.Why does so often waste exists along side so much poverty in the world? The orthodox assumption of scarcity has survived even the staggering levels of surplus of modern economies because this assumption suits the needs of those who command resources and who prefer to fancy that the economy does not become democratised that unpleasant tasks are done by someone else, that some win and many lose.An Economic theory based not on scarc ity but on abundance is a theory that seeks not to describe distribution but to explain choices. The development of such a theory would undercut the dominance of those satisfied with the current methods of production and control over resources. It would do so by revealing the choices made to limit the production of essentials and to divert resources to the production of luxury and fashion goods. A distribution of resources currently labeled scarcity.

Box Reliquary of the True Cross and Other Byzantium Devotional Art

This exquisite misfortune, currently exhibited in the Metropolitan Museum of device in New York, was made in Constantinople (Byzantium, now Istanbul) in the late 8th or early 9th century. Such relics ar said to run through housed the partings of the original Cross, which was allegedly discovered in the 4th century by Saint Helena, m new(prenominal) of the starting signal Christian Roman emperor Constantine (New York Met Museum, 2005). During the time of the rise of Christianity in the Roman Empire, Constantinople was to become the largest Christian metropolis in the Christian world.It managed to fend off attacks from the Arabs with its superior navy and Greek methods of warfargon (Ellie Crystal, knotty Empire, 1995 2005). This recess survived the word pictureoclast Crisis in the 8th century, when Emperor Leo tether banned all activity involving graven image worship. All sculptures and icons containing images saints and other sacred luminaries were ordered to be destroyed , and the only symbols allowed to be used for religious reverence, were that of plants and birds or the Cross.Prior to the crisis, however, much(prenominal)(prenominal) reliquaries were very common for the safekeeping of pieces of the True Cross or the bones of saints, and were very common at the time. The iconoclasm was a very violent and turbulent time in Byzantium due(p) to the fanaticism of Leo tether and his differences with the Patriarch of the time and according to various account, Leo III took a volcanic eruption on the island of Thera as a sign of Gods wrath over devotedness in the Church (Wikipedia). It was during the ban of religious icons that the Patriarch of Constantinople, Germanus I, was removed or resigned his post.Meanwhile, in the double-u of Byzantium, pope Gregory III condemned Leo IIIs decisions and actions and held two synods at Rome, publicly denouncing the iconoclasm. In retaliation, Leo III seized papal lands as well as raided churches and seized alt ar cloths, reliquaries and plates (History of the snarled State and Society, Tread grand, Helen, Stanford University Press, 1997). Following Leo IIIs death, his son Constantine V continued the ban and here is where some interesting occurrences come to firing the monasteries began to protest publicly. One monk, John of Damascus, protested iconoclasm through his theological writings.Another monk, Theodore the Studite brought things to a head by writing a letter to Pope Paschal containing strong words against the emperor. This brought dire consequences and was con slopered a major political flavour in the wrong direction by Constantine V, who invaded the monasteries, seizing their relics and throwing them into the sea. The next move from Constantine was to ban the monks from invoking the saints. This terrible terminus came to an end upon the death of Constantine Vs son Leo IV, whose Athenian wife Irene took position as regent for their young son, who would be the future emperor.She brought an end to iconoclasm and restored the ability of the artisans of the time to create icons render saints, Jesus, and the other figures of Christianity. It is difficult to imagine such violence over images used for the purposes of drawing upon the power of God being so violently opposed when icons and images of political figures were considered to be acceptable works of respect. Already it is easy to figure that the survival of this loge reliquary is almost a miracle in itself, considering the wanton destruction of such items, even as common as they were.Since this particular box is made of certain substances that are considered rare straightaway, let us now turn our attention to the box itself. It is small, measuring 4 inches long and 2-7/8 inches across. The estimated date of macrocosm of this box is the late 8th to early 9th century, which would be the period of iconoclasm discussed above (NY Met Museum). This box reliquary is constructed of cloisonne enamel, silve r, silver-gilt, gold and niello. The fascinating things about the boxs composition are the components of cloisonne enamel and niello, neither of which were inwrought to Byzantium.Niello was commonly used in Europe until the Renaissance, unless rarely used after that (Hillwood Museum & Gardens, n. d. ). Cloisonne enamel was very popular in chinaware during the Ming dynasty, but expects to have its origins in Cyprus (Dr. Panicos Michaelides, 1989). It was during the twisting Empire that cloisonne enamel was perfected and put to wide use from the 6th to 12th centuries, with the methods being transmitted to China in the 15th century where the art of cloisonne was further perfected to such a item that China set the standard for quality of this substance (ChineseMoods. com, 2005).The substance of cloisonne enamel is glass mill mixed with water until a paste is formed. The paste is then applied to the die-cast of metallic element such as gold, silver or copper. Each color used in th e process is fired separately, make for a very labor-intensive construction of only one part of the box decoration. There appear to be three colors used in terms of cloisonne enamel blue, white and green. The metal in this case is gold, to which the cloisonne enamel was adhered. The lid of the box reliquary features Christ still alive on the cross in the crucifixion barb, accompanied by the Virgin and St. John at his feet.Bordering the crucifixion scene are the images of fourteen saints. The underside of the lid features descriptive yet somewhat primitive art depicting four scenes from the life of Jesus the Annunciation, Nativity, crucifixion, and Anastasis (or Descent into Limbo). Inside the box are five compartments arranged in the shape of a cross, where relics would be kept. The four sides of the box feature the fourteen saints found on the lid, and are as well made of cloisonne enamel and the bottom of the box features a beautiful cross in gold. The other substance of inter est is niello, which is a black metal mixture used for decorative purposes.It is in truth a lost art, as niello is rarely used today due to technological advancements in goldsmithing transposition the ancient arts of engraving with tools and chisels (Prof. Dr. Erhard Brepohl, 2001). According to Dr. Brepohl, the making of niello involves melting and mixing silver, copper and lead, the use of borax and sulfur (which explains why niello is no longer popular, since its ingredients are highly toxic), After a rather tedious and harmful fume-producing procedure, the metal alloy is then quickly cooled so that it breaks into granules. The granules are then ground with a daub and pestle and mixed with flux to create a paste.When struck with a hammer. The finished niello should be uniformly black and shatter like glass. The niello paste is applied into the recesses of the object to be decorated (in the case of this box reliquary it would be the etched lid), then fired and cleaned. One ca n only stand in perplexity of the meticulous care with which this little box and other reliquaries were made, with such precision and detail to last for centuries. In terms of how the Byzantine Empire gained these skills to become virtually unparalleled as extraordinary artisans, friendly exchanges with the West are the source.Through flourishing trade routes and the power of the Roman Empire, Byzantine religious art took on wondrous proportions. According to the Catholic Encyclopedia, From classical and ancient Christian art Byzantine genius derived a do combination of the ideal with truth to nature, harmonious unity along with precision in details, as well as the fondness for mosaics, frescoes, and pictures on panels, in opposition to the dislike of non-Christian and sectarian Orientals to pictorial representation. The rich symbolic representation depicts reverence and devotion completely absent in modern art.The reliquaries were made in anticipation of what would be kept with in them and crafted with utmost skill and care. Although many were destroyed during the iconoclastic crisis, enough of them remain today to view in museums such as the Met, hopefully to inspire people that view them and understand the vast skill and even danger that went into making and keeping them. Other reliquaries are simpler in nature and construction, such as the box reliquary of the Sancta Sanctorum Treasure, which measures 27. 7 X 18. 0 cm (approx. 10. 9 X 7. 1 inches).This box is bigger than the box reliquary described above, but is less ornate. It is constructed of wood and tempura and is red in color. Gold flip out adorns the five scenes depicted on the lid, which are of the Nativity, Baptism, Crucifixion, Women at the Tomb and the Ascension, read from the bottom left to pep pill right (Gary Vikan, 1982). Housed in the Vatican museum, this particular box contains stones collected in the sixth and seventh centuries in the consecrated Land, along with bits of wood and c loth. This particular box is considered to be the rarest among the Sanctus Sanctorum Treasures (Cleveland Museum Of Art, 1998).When contemplating how these relics survived the destruction during the above noted Iconoclasm we must also look to Europe during the 8th and 9th Centuries, where Christianity was taking hold. One interesting fact is that beginning in the course of study 787, all new Christian churches had to have a relic in order to be consecrated. Since Christianity was bed covering at such a rapid rate in Europe, the Church provided relics and reliquaries from her collection (Richard Jones-Nerzic, 2002). Relics were considered to be pilgrims souvenirs and reliquaries were specifically crafted for the safekeeping of those relics.As reliquaries and relics began to spread to Europe, owning them became a symbol of status (Jones-Nerzic) because of their origins in Byzantium and the dangerous journey they made to desex into the hands of the Europeans. Another form of Byzanti ne art was the carving of ivory reliefs, such as the Triptych Icon of Hodegetria, (Greek for She who shows the way) made in Constantinople in the late 10th Century. This exquisite three-paneled piece shows wear due to veneration over time, and features the Virgin with the Christ Child as well as two unfathomable saints on the folding wings of the triptych.This triptych is 4-3/4 inches high and 9 inches in length (The Walters Art Museum, 2001). An expectant and elaborate ivory triptych is housed at the Louvre it is called the Harbaville Triptych after the last known owners and features the elegance and detail of the resurgence of icon use after the iconoclasm. This triptych is sunning, with the central panel depicting the Deesis (entreaty) of Christ enthroned on behalf of humanity (Louvre Museum, n. d. ). Flanking the male child Of Man is the Virgin Mary and St. John the Baptist.Beneath the center panel and on the wings are the apostles, martyrs and soldiers. This piece is consid ered to be one of the finest from the imperial workshop known as Romanus and combines several different techniques from the Orient as well as classical antiquity and the Christian tradition. The reverse side of the central panel is embellished with a Latin cross featuring rosettes along with scenes from the Garden of Eden. Two cypress trees, one on either side of the cross represent Good and Evil, all under a starry background.The side panels depict saints with books or crosses. Traces of gold leaf can still be found on this triptych, and the Louve literature states that there are two other similar ivory triptychs, one being housed in the Vatican and the other at the palace in Venice. All three are thought to have been carved around the same time, amidst the 9th and 11th centuries in Constantinople. One more example of these reliquaries is a cross reliquary featuring St. John Chrysostom, made in Constantinople around 920 930 (Dr. Rozmeri Basic, 2000-2005).Made of gilded wood and painted, the scenes of this lovely box depict St. John Chrysostom on the underside of the lid, with the Crucifixion on the top. The scene inside the box is decorated around a cavity for the boxs contents and features saints and angels in detail. Given the turbulent times and the rich history surrounding Byzantium and Europe during the gothic times, it is a wonder that pilgrims dared to cross into the Holy Land. But they did, driven by the desire to see and feel the very places and items associated with Jesus and the saints.Reliquaries were designed for this purpose, enabling pilgrims to bring back earth, bits of bone or cloth, anything that could be deemed something from a sacred place. Pilgrims often traveled in groups and were subject to robberies and even murder from roadside bandits and wild animals, including lions. Still, the truehearted made their journeys and the reliquaries that made it back to their homelands were preserved and valued not only as pieces of art but also as items in contact with the Messiahs surrounding. Some even were professed to have better properties.Recreating these reliquaries in modern times would be considered labor-intensive and toxic some of the ingredients used in the reliquaries surely shortened more than one life span of an artist in the ancient days still, reliquaries are being reproduced and copies are on the open market, still drawing an intrigue after more than a millennium. References Basic, Dr. Rozmeri. 2000 2005, Early Christian and Byzantine Art. University Of Oklahoma. Online, purchasable at http//www. ou. edu/class/ahi4263/byzhtml/p05-04. htmlBrepohl, Erhard Prof. Dr. 2001, Nillo Work, Brynmorgen Press. Online, available at http//www. ganoksin. com/borisat/nenam/nillo-work-10-1. htm Byzantine Art, 2003, Online Catholic Encyclopedia, K. Knight. Online, available at http//www. newadvent. org/cathen/03095a. htm Cloisonne, 2005, Chinese Moods. Online, available at http//www. chinesemoods. com/cloisonne. html Crystal, Ellie. 1995 2005, The Byzantine Empire The Roman Byzantine Period, Crystal Links Encyclopedia. Online, available at http//www. crystalinks.com/byzantine. html cosmetic Arts Middle Ages The Harbaville Triptych. N. d. , The Louvre Museum. Online, available at http//www. louvre. fr/llv/oeuvres/detail_notice. jsp? CONTENT%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673226172&CURRENT_LLV_NOTICE%3C%3Ecnt_id=10134198673226172&FOLDER%3C%3Efolder_id=9852723696500778&bmUID=1133157145797&bmLocale=en Jones-Nerzic, Richard. June 2002, European chivalrous Pilgrimage Project Relics. Virtual School History Department. Online, available at http//194. 3. 120. 243/humanities/vs/pilgrims/relics. htmReliquary of the True Cross (Staurotheke), late 8thearly 9th century Byzantine Made in Constantinople, 2005, Metropolitan Art Museum of New York. Online, available at http//www. metmuseum. org/toah/ho/06/eusb/hod_17. 190. 715ab. htm The first iconoclastic period 730-787, 2005, Wikipedia. Online, available at http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/IconoclasmThe_first_iconoclastic_period_730-787 The Medieval World Triptych Icon of Hodegetria with Saints. 2001, The Walters Art Museum. Online, available at http//www. thewalters.org/html/collec_object_detail. asp? ID=2&object_ID=71. 158 Vatican Treasures. 1998, Cleveland Museum Of Art, Past Exhibits. Online, available at http//www. clevelandart. org/exhibit/vatican/ Vican, Gary. 1982, Byzantine Pilgrimage Art. Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees for Harvard University, Washington, D. C. Online, available at http//www. doaks. org/PilgrimageArt. pdf Secondary Reference Treadgold, Helen. 1997, History of the Byzantine State and Society, Stanford University Press. Secondary resource contained within Wikipedia, cited above.

Jazz Heritage/The Roots of Jazz

Africa is the home of chouse, which spread to atomic number 63 and whole throughout America. Todays complete symphony is influenced by the different countries mentioned. There are medicineal traditions and cultural traditions coming from Africa, Europe and America which contributed to the hygienic of pick out today. As jazz developed, it was centered in bleak siege of Orleans (Yurochko 3). To rectify understand why jazz sounds the way it does today, it is best to examine its roots one by one, state by country. Africa The life in Africa is centered around the tribe.All its members participate in E actually activity, lock and ritual in the tribe. Afri after part tribes were highly interactive and participatory because all of its members always ensnare a way to contribute and cooperate and common gatherings and functions (Yurochko 3). From this, it can be inferred that the euphonyal activities of the tribe were also interactive and participatory. Because of these characteris tics, the symphony they created was full of dynamics. No single member of the African tribe just sat pop out. No one just listened. All of them were tied to everything that was happening in the tribe.As a result, medicine was available as it was properly suited to all the activities and events in the tribe (Bjorn and Gallert 178). What was unique in Africa was how tribe listened to music. In this country, one cannot find a single concert hall. Everybody gathitherd themselves in just one bowl of operations to listen to music. Listening to music was a significant part of the tribes lives. In Africa, at that place were different types of sounds fit for different types of occasions. There was music for marriage, death and births. There was music even for chopping down a tree, or clearing out a path.What music was to Africans was a social glue that coupled all members of the tribe together (Yurochko 3). Meanwhile, the characteristics of African music can explain why jazz music ro oted from Africa. African music makes the body perform. It means that the music alone involves the body by devising it dance, sway to the beat, clap, and pound a rod on the ground. Apart from the musicians themselves, all members of the audience were also link the fun. Africa music makes everyone sing, too (Bjorn and Gallert 178). Africans used different musical instruments like aerophones, idiophones and cordophones.The bass sound of the music was in general acquired from the drum. African music was full of drums which came in different shapes and sizes. The drum was their main instrument which Africans produced from hollowed out logs and gourds. crosswise the opening of the drum was a stretched animal skin (Bjorn and Gallert 178). What makes jazz so African is its rhythm, since African music is highly characterized by the emphasis on rhythm. Cross rhythms and polyrhythms were do by African drummers, both of which were major contributors to the driving force of jazz or African music (Bjorn and Gallert 178).The beat of jazz and the beat of African music can be demonstrated by creating a single beat, and dividing it into two. The other half should be given two claps to a single beat. The other hand will be given tierce claps to a single beat. This is a simple polyrhythm compared to how much jazz has developed through time. The basic belief behind jazz get the better of is two beats against one (Bjorn and Gallert 179). African sound seems unorganized, and this is what jazz is all about. It is because of the more complex polyrhythm found in African music. Each beat of the drum has an already make out rhythm.Then again, once this beat is combine with other drums which also have their own set rhythms, thus that is where the complicated sound is produced (Bjorn and Gallert 180). Another characteristic of African sound which can be found in jazz music is the pentatonic master. A pentatonic scale can best be seen in a piano. The scale is defined by five no tes, thus the term penta-tonic, with the chords C, D, E, G and A. This musical scale can also be found in the music of Peru, Mexico, Scotland and Japan (Salzman and the American Studies Association 961). In Africa, singers sing and the members of the audience respond.African musicians can also chant a melody, and the rest of the people in the venue react with the type of solvent already established in the society. In Africa, this is called call and response, which is also highly used in jazz. In jazz, though, the way people respond is different. This can be seen in many churches with people singing jazz praise songs (Salzman and the American Studies Association 961). The characteristics of jazz can be traced back to the African musics characteristics, too, in which bending tones, falsetto, buzzes in the voice, raspy tones and point-blank manipulation can be found.No vocal sound is ever produced. Letting out their feelings and expressing themselves by belting out what and how they were feeling an emotion contributed to the very distinct characteristics of jazz music. The tones were also not organized. As a listener listens to a jazz music, he will mostly find the singer reciting oral communication spontaneously (Henson 48). Europe Europe influenced jazz music through harmony and instrumentation. The harmonies in jazz music are characterized by diatonic scale. Jazz music is highly diatonic, and diatonic, in this case, is an expanded version of the pentatonic scale coming from Africa.Chord progressions from the European or Western sound influenced todays jazz music. Europe contributed a big part of the instrumentation of jazz. Instruments from Europe used in jazz music are clarinets, trombones and trumpets. Most of the European instruments used gave jazz music its symphonic nature (Henson 48). The birthplace of jazz music is mainly in new-sprung(prenominal) Orleans. The people of the city made use of what they were hearing from Africa and Europe, combined the different techniques and various musical styles to technically call the new genre jazz (Henson 48). recent Orleans New Orleans was undeniably successful in giving birth to jazz because of various components. integrity of these factors is its location. Since New Orleans is located at the tip of the Mississippi River, it was easy for people to bring in jazz to the area. The river made it easy for New Orleans to export music to different move of the globe, too, which made the music genre jazz, became commonplace in a very short period of time upon its whim (Brown 74). The Mississippi River was a very important factor in making jazz a popular genre because it has touched various states in America.Several states which were considered areas for slaves contributed in New Orleans highly several(a) population. Since the city became a busy seaport, it also developed into becoming the gateway to the islands of the Caribbean (Henson 48). It is also important to require the demographics o f the people in New Orleans as this is related to the development of jazz. The city is a very unique one because even before it was a state of America, it has been under the flags of France and Spain. When one would visit New Orleans, one would see how diverse the population is because of the different ethnic groups found in the city.Because of the diverse population, there was also a diverse culture. Cultural diversity helped in improving the quality of jazz music (Brown 74). The races inhabiting the city defined jazz music. The different cultures taking place made jazz what it sounds today. Since French people were among those who were occupying New Orleans, the tradition where they allowed males to have their mistresses was a big influence to the music. Several men chose women who were light skinned, and they went for those who had composite blood. Most of these women were found in the southern part of New Orleans.Because of this, the group of lower class minaciouss grew and be came know to the city (Henson 48). The blacken creoles were widely accepted in New Orleans, especially by the white society. However, it didnt check this way for too long. They received the same privileges and rights from the government. In 1984, a law was passed by the Louisiana law-makers which suggested that people with African blood were labeled as Negros. Because of this, the black creoles were driven away from New Orleans. They had no choice but to join the black culture (Henson 48).The joining of the pure blacks and the black creoles (cross between black and light-skinned) gave birth to the full development of a new music which is now referred to as jazz. Slaves from different parts of the globe who were pushed to the United States possessed nothing but their clothing. Then again, they brought not only clothes in the United States, but music, too. They brought their heritage and culture. They shared their musical practices in the United States, specifically in New Orleans (Brown 74). Because of the struggle of the black culture, New Orleans slowly became identified as the city of institution for blacks.All freed slaves and escaped slaves fled to New Orleans. They all gathered in Congo Square during Sundays because this was their only venture to be together and celebrate their culture. During these days, they all participated in the African culture where they played drums, sang and danced (Henson 48). New Orleans is then the breeding ground of musical activity. Numerous musical ensembles can be found here, like brass bands, musicales, opera companies and orchestras. Up to this day, there are still musical parties being held in the city.What made jazz sound disorganized and highly syncopated today is the merging of the musical influences of black slave culture and the black creoles. Their different cultures and distinct musical style made jazz sound like it does today. How jazz is being played is merely a result of the amalgamation of different tempo s, beats and styles through time. Examples of African musical activities that highly influenced todays jazz music are rhythmic emphasis, African field holler, interactive music and the call and response ritual. All of these found a space into the style of jazz (Brown 74).