Detecting Circulating Tumor Cells using Flow Cytometry Essay

Detecting Circulating Tumor Cells using Flow Cytometry - Essay ExampleThe look into field was on Flow Cytometry. It aimed toestablisha reliable regularity for counting Circulating Tumor Cells (CTC) using flow Cytometry. Flow Cytometry is amethodof enumerating and examining minute particles suspended in afluidwhen passed through an electronic detector. The frame has a disposable chip. This chip checks for cross contaminationcollect canvas sample and to freely measurement. CTC issalientbiomarkers for so many cancers. There are many systems for enumeration based on either EpCAM/CD326 whichexpresstumor kiosk before microscope orRT-PCR. Protocols for this system can be applied onto other systems. Cultured cancer cells spiked into normal blood got enriched withMACREpCAMmicrobeads thenlabeledwith armored personnel carrier instead of intracellular staining of cytokeratins.EpCAMallows enumeration ofintactCTC, cellular integritymaintenanceand concomitantperformance. Combination offinetune d CTC and cytometric multicolor resulted into linear relationship surrounded by input and outputcellcount from zero to hundred of cells. Anti CD45mAbwas usedtogivesatisfactorysignal/ noise ratio by introductionexclusion of white blood cellssignal. There is littleinfluenceon lungs cancer cell PC-9 viability. CTC is of greater importance because it provides stratification of Anti-tumor treatment and furthering characterization. some(prenominal) re counters pass water shown that circulating Tumor cells (CTC) in computer peripheral blood are significant prognostic marker for cancer (1-5). Presence of circulating tumor cells in the peripheral blood of patientshas been involvedin the Tumordevelopmentand metastasisadvancement. Response oftherapyand evaluation ofdiseasegetpredictedby change in circulating tumor cells. Several methodshave been usedin theCTC-enrichmentanddiscovery, but thestandardmethod is the FDA-approved cell search system (Veridex) (Takao, M., Takeda, K., 2011). This e mploys a 7.5ml of blood and involves epithelial cell adhesion molecules (EpCAM/CD360) (8)-conjugatedimmuno-magneticenrichment preceded by cell imagingprocessusingpositiveimmuno-stainingofcytokenins. Later negative immunostaining of leucocyte common antigen (CD45) and DNA staining withDAPI. The overall advantage of this method is therapid aim out of routine measurements.This is due to the fact thatsizeableinformation gets includedin thedataand its capability of multicolor analysis.Thismethodalso offersprecise catching limit ofpurecells of approximately (10-5). Related research Benjamin and Steven conducted research on flow Cytometry. They inferred that there has been progress inimmuno-magneticandflowcytometry. Benjamin and Steven reason out thatflowcytometry and immunomagnetic can detect and characterize circulating tumor cells. Theyinferthat flow cytometry has demonstrated prognosticimportancein prostate and breast cancer. In Benjamins and Steven article some circulating tumor ce lls in colorectal cancer there are reviews regarding thehistoricalanddevelopmentinformation aboutidentificationand enumeration of circulating tumor cells in colorectal cancer. The presence of circulating tumor cells in patients having metastatic carcinomas getlinkedwith poor excerption predictions (Tych,Frederik,Sjoerd,Joost, Jan&Leon, 2011). According to their article based on research, image cytometer,celltracks gotdevelopedtoadvancethe enumeration of rare circulating tumor cells. Cell searchsystemgot used toenumeratecirculating tumor cells in seven point five milliliters (7.5 Ml) ofboldof nine healthy controls and sixty eight patients. The resultswere obtainedfrom cell searchsystemwere analyzed again using image cytometer. Then automated categorization of eventswas executedby random forestprocessusing

Biography of Ethnic Fashion Designer - Ritu Kumar Essay

archives of Ethnic Fashion Designer - Ritu Kumar - Essay ExampleThe paper Biography of Ethnic Fashion Designer - Ritu Kumar talks about the Ritu Kumars biography. She completed her graduation from Delhi Irwin collage in 1964. She had the nature of keen observation in understanding the life. This shade further helped her to take keen interest in artistic work. She accomplished her higher education from USA in 1966. She started her career with hand block printers and devil tables in a small village of Calcutta, to display her art. She enhanced her network with the passage of time in order to keep pace with the latest trends of carriage designing. She has also hit the European market by launching new fashion variety of indo-western range. This new trend attracted many foreign buyers. Her worth be achievements include wardrobe for Miss India for further participation in miss world and miss universe contests. Ritus work in the fields of dress and related accessories in silk, cotton and leather made her an eminent designer in India. The well-reputed designer launched Zardozi collection in Delhi in1985. Zardozi was introduced for the first time in India solely response was exceptional. Now Zardozi technique is being widely used in India. She also proved that hand made products are more profitable than car products. Evening gowns are one of the highly praised creations of Ritu kumar in European market. The designer was awarded with the lifetime achievement award by national institute of fashion applied science in 1998. A lady naming famina participated in Miss India contest 2002.

Philosophy - Five faces of oppression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Philosophy - Five faces of oppression - Essay ExampleYoung similarly offers a comprehensive understanding of oppression in its restricted appreciation since the existence of the oppressed does not necessarily imply the simultaneous existence of an oppressor. These five faces Exploitation, Marginalization, Powerlessness, heathenish Imperialism and Violence be the main nidus of the article.Exploitation can most vividly be designated in a Capitalist environment where labor is a means to propagate dominion. The evident harm in the distribution of wealth among social classes is the main thrust of this category but it does not end there since social rules in work also define the inequality (Young, p.6). Defined as the most dangerous, Marginalization is best manifested with the material deprivation of one group over the others. Society has addressed this free mainly by providing welfare dole outs and services to repress unrest among these people (ibid, p.9). Powerlessness is the lack of opportunity and respect that the oppressed suffer. the powerless are situated so that they must take orders and rarely have the right to give them (ibid, p.10). The imposition of dominance of one group over the others result to Cultural Imperialism since culture variations become a source of oppression through intolerance (ibid, p.10). Violence is an outward manifestation of systemic oppression where by the sole causal agent of belonging to a marginalized group, the members suffer this face of oppression. This is a recurring social practice and suggests degrees of perpetration (ibid, p.13). These five faces can be used as a gauge and as a way compare the level of oppression among the oppressed groups and the presence of any, as the author suggests, positively equates to

Three branches of the U.S. government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Three branches of the U.S. government - Essay ExampleThe U.S. government has three branches the legislative, the executive, and the judiciary, each performing on an individual basis various function that support the functioning of the government. The three branches work independently.Consequently, the singular purpose of having the three branches working separately is to promise that they do not change state too world-beaterful to infringe on the freedoms of the population. In analyzing the three branches of the government, we see that all of their functions serve the public differently, and some branches seem to extradite more power than others in affecting the work of the government. Hence, this essay discusses the legislative assembly because it has done and is doing a lot for the people of the United State (Trueman, 2000). The legislature is comprised of the bicameral Congress, the Senate, and the base of Representatives. The twain houses are tasked with many functions, p recisely their main purpose is to make legislative impartialitys. The Senate is the upper house with each state represented by two senators in it. The House of Representatives represents the lower house and has a number of elected members proportionate to the population of a state. The Senate has one hundred seats and allows elected members to serve for a six-year term. However, the House of Representatives has a bigger number of members, and currently there are 435 members serving for a two-year term. The House of Representatives and the Senate have almost similar functions, but they also have specific responsibilities and powers. In addition, the two chambers work parallelly to each other in passing the bills that originate from either the Senate or the House of Representative (Wilson, Dilulio, & Bose, 2009). The legislative branch has many functions, but law making is its key function. The executive branch implements and enforces the law, whereas the judiciary branch interprets them. Hence, in serving the people, the legislative branch has the most power given that it is the one that deliberates on the bill that later becomes a law. The input of bills in addressing the challenges people encounter in their free-and-easy activities acknowledges the work of the Congress for the benefit of the Americans. Therefore, their service to the people supersedes the enforcing and elucidation of the executive and the judiciary branches. Furthermore, the legislative branch consists of elected members, and thus it represents the heart of representative democracy. When the law makers make laws, they do so in a democratic manner to meet the public interests and to ensure they are upheld (Wilson et al., 2009). In addition to making laws, the legislature has other non-legislative powers and responsibilities. These functions are not in any way related to the legislation of laws. One of the non-legislation powers of the Congress are the electoral powers. The electoral powers a re plainly exercised when the electoral process fails to determine the results of a presidential election. The House of Representatives is privileged to elect the president in cases where no candidate gains a majority electoral College. On the other hand, the Senate is responsible for electing vice president in case no presidential candidate has enough Electoral College to ensure the victory of his candidate to the position of a vice president (Wilson et al., 2009). The legislative branch also has the non-legislative power of impeachment. The House of Representatives has the power to impeach federal government officials who are deemed to have bribed, committed high crimes, misdemeanors, and treason. While the House has the powers to impeach, the Senate acts as the judge and jury. In the history of the United States, only two presidents have been impeach Bill Clinton (1998) and Andrew Johnson (1868), who both were acquitted by the Senate. Another non-legislative function of the Con gress is the power of confirmation. The senate has the

Discuss how Queer Theory has challenged the theory and politics of Essay

Discuss how Queer Theory has challenged the theory and politics of womens liberation movement and lesbian and fearless studies - Essay ExampleIt has acted as the key driver of reforms and develop custodyt that is female-oriented. The interests of feminism are not limited to social aspects. It cuts across social, cultural, economic aspects. Its main is to achieve equity between men and women, leading to the realization of opportunities that distributed equally between sexual practices. Sexual identities reserve also taken the same direction as that taken by feminism. Although the advocacy in this case may be different, the crucial aspect to account of is sexual rights. Lesbian and gay studies have been conducted over the years. As this is done, there are acclivitous and changing trends in sexual identities in both and women (Green, 2007, p.26-45). Lesbians and gays have in the contemporary world become outspoken, demanding rights of recognition and identification. While nigh nati ons have embraced their demands, others have remained adamant on the illegality of the two. However, the fact that lesbians and gays are part and parcel of many societies in the world cannot be refuted. Queer theory is the central focus in the analysis of feminism and sexual identities, especially when it comes to lesbians and gays. Numerous studies have argued in favour or against queer theory, but it is evident that its influence in these dealings in inevitable, given the current position of feminism, lesbian and gay scenarios in the world. Queer theory traces its emergence in the 1990s, based on women studies. This theory evaluates feminism and identifies the underlying challenges in feminism. However, it not fixed to feminism theories, as it expounds its boundaries beyond the natural or unnatural. It therefore identifies that sexual identities are constructed socially through the gender aspect of the society. Studies outside the queer the theory suggest that gay and lesbian stu dies stems from the natural and/or unnatural aspect of a society. Queer theory on the other hand makes an extensive focus into sexual activities and identities, introducing normative and deviant acts or activities that are sexually based. The position held by queer theory in feminism, lesbian and gay studies is subject to challenge these studies now and in future. Challenges to these studies emanate from the continuous critique and contribution of queer theory. Studies are basically built on theories and arguments of other scholars. In order to effectively draw pertinent inferences to studies, and further come up with a study that can be adopted as a reliable reference, it is important to account for the claims presented by other scholars in and outside that field. Social identities and structures are held as the primary functionality mechanisms of feminism. Queer theory is contradictory to this argument, thereby holding radical change as a limited in that agenda. As a result, stu dies that come in that line are divided, some argument for and others against. Striking a balance to derive an optimal argument is therefore a challenge. This is because all these arguments are backed up by relevant evidence that is drawn from real social life and sexual identities of different groups in the society. Queer theory argues that sexuality is more fluid than it is already verbalised by feminism, lesbian and gay studies. It holds that sexuality is not a constrained binary of heterosexual or homosexual acts and identities (Turner, 2000, p.106-107). Theory and politics of feminism, lesbian and gay studies is consistently being forced to encompass aspects that did not factor in in its interests before.

Book review for No No Boy by John Okada Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Book review for No No Boy by John Okada - Essay pillowcaseThe novel is a fiction, not memoir. The divided loyalties and the mental blocks are the issues with Ichiro Yamada who is interned during World War II. The author has written a book that clubs personal ideology with subject field ideologies and aspirations and how the combustible youth is caught in a dilemma of the emotional world between his country of origin and the country of which he is the citizen. Ichiro fails to answer appropriately two critical questions in the questionnaire related to allegiance to America. His improper answers and denial to serve in the American armed forces and his repudiation to abjure allegiance to Japan propel him to prison. On his release from the prison, Ichiro moves back to Seattle and the ground realities of the social life there bother him intensely. His parents are proud of being Japanese and he accepts United States as his own. With this dilemma he meets and has discussions on the subje ct with many people, but is unable to sort out the conflicts within his cozy world. Kenji, one of his intimate friends joins the military and during the state of war operations loses a leg with just two years to live. Ichiro sees parity in his mental anguish and the physical pain of Kenji. His friends and his own brother let in potshots at him for not joining the army, which they term as betrayal of the country. The two friends discuss whether or not it is feasible to trade places. Ichiro admits candidly I wasnt in the army, Ken, I was in jail. Im a no-no boy. (p. 62)Though this is a joke between the two friends, it throws light on the type of social environment prevailing at that clipping which Ichiro finds it tough to challenge. The war has sharpened the conflicts of generations and anti-emotions have turned out to be hard. Adjusting with the new indistinguishability, even though one wants to go with, is hard due to the social and familial pressures. Ichiro is compelled to bo w before the hard identity scenario created by his bewilder. She wants him to identify with her Japanese identity and sets her own terms and conditions for loving him. Their views points about national identity are poles apart. He finally makes the decision that he is an American and looks forward to the future with cautious positivity. He is unable to think in tandem with his mother who has been in United States for thirty-five years and yet she identifies with the Japanese, viewed from all angels. John Okada was born and raised in Seattle and he attended University of Washington. The friend and foe of literary creations is time. Time intervened for more than a decade, before this book is able to hit the stands of popularity. This first literary creation by the author was published in 1957 and it remained unperceived for years until it shot into fame when the literature of the Asian American minority groups becomes popular in the American literary scene by 1970s. This novel is th e reflection of the inner crisis of the young Japanese who is confronted with the dual challenge of identity. Race is the crying question around which all other subsidiary confusion hangs around. Every segment in the town is labeled with the racial tag and its separate identity stands pronounced. Oriental is a big umbrella under which the categories of Japanese, Chinese and Asians are accommodated. Races victimized by the whites are also not at peace with each other and they are at loggerheads with their own problems. The younger generation has to break through such communal

Outline How Material Things Essay Example for Free

Outline How Material Things EssayCity alley is a big road filled with lots of different purifications, gender, divide, age and history. When walking down the road it can be seen that the be recollectiveing and not belonging in the society. It opens your eyes as to what exactly goes on in different societies and City Road is a big street with a lot of demands and structures in it. oer the years society changed and so did the street. It goes by what is in demand, how society changes and by the vast majority of different socialisations coming into the area. You see a lot of mountain trying to conform to the society and many trying to hold onto their own identities. First of all Im going to talk about the Ethnicity on the street. We are going to the Xquisite Africa shop. Janet, the lady that owns the shop originates from Africa and moved to the UK over ten years ago. When she came to the UK she thought that she had to change her individualism and conform to the society. She se lls a lot of things from Africa and by doing this she gets to hold onto her identity of the African culture and also appeals to customers from the same ethnic background.She felt after being in the UK for ten years that she had lost her identity and so she decided to take a trip back home to Africa to re-charge her batteries as she puts it. She wanted to re-gain her culture that she so desperately lost. This aspect could help her re-gain her culture and identity and allows her to share this with the right clientele from a multi-racial background. She can share a state of belonging to a social group that has in public a national or cultural background, whilst negotiating with people on the complex of different identities.She contributes to the African social life and society as well as on City Road. Therefore promoting her African background and understanding there is no need to conform to the society and changing her identity. We then move onto class in the Municipal Club. A social stratum, whose members share a certain economic, social or cultural characteristics. For this instance the working class. It is aimed at the local residents and has over 100 years of history. A group containing members regarded as having certain attributes of traits in common has slowly disappeared and they long for the society to change back to what they believed it was.Whilst in the (DVD, making social lives on City Road, 2009, convulsion 5) Lloyd Robson talks to couple of residents in the club and gets their insight of what is going on. He asked them if they thought the club had a future. They verbalise no. no-one wants to know it anymore and even the members have started to lose interest. But because the society has changed it meant that they described city road as being dangerous and rough. They long for the past. They want it to go back to what they say it used to be or imagined it. The inequalities and differences that has changed and also the traditions has been lost.They lack the sense of belonging they used to have when City Road used to be theirs. Then we come across the Sanna Silk shop. This is where the female is favoured over the male. Its a family business orientated around females as they sell and retrace dresses of different materials. They get to choose their type of material and their patterns. It is mainly focused at Asian women. In the (DVD, Making social lives on City Road, 2009, scene 6 by Raghuran) she says it is a very different way of portraying Asian women than I often seen in the media. They also have a component for jewellery. Most of their jewellery is 22 carat gold and is mainly aimed at the women. They also have a selection for their wedding day. So it has an Asian culture that is even though yes men go in to buy but is very female orientated. Conclusion Therefore in City Road, my examples favour female gender activities over male, is a very multi-racial area and favours specific class over others. Therefore explaining tha t society changes all of the time and conforms to whatever is more in demand in that specific time of era.